Study Guide 2: Integumentary System

Front 1

What are the structures of the integumentary system?

Back 1

a. 2 layers of skin
b. Hypodenmis

Front 2

What are the 5 functions of the integumentary system?

Back 2

1.Protection
2.Body temperature regulation
3.Excretion
4.Sensory
5.Vitamin D production

Front 3

What are the 2 layers of skin called?

Back 3

Epidermis and Dermis

Front 4

Outermost layer of skin.

Composed of stratified squamous epithelial tissue.

Back 4

Epidermis

Front 5

Deeper layer of skin.

Composed of dense irregular connective tissue.

Back 5

Dermis

Front 6

The subcutaneous tissue.

Composed of adipose or areolar tissue.

Not considered a layer of the skin.

Back 6

Hypodenmis

Front 7

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Back 7

1. Stratum corneum
2. Stratum lucidium
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum spinosum
5. Stratum germiniativum {basale}

Front 8

Uppermost layer

Composed of flattened keratinized cells

All cells in this layer are dead cells

Function – provides a natural raincoat for the body preventing water loss from the deeper tissues

Back 8

Stratum corneum

Front 9

Beneath the stratum corneum

Cells in this layer appear clear due to the accumulation of the protein eledin

Eledin is the precursor molecule to keratin

All the cells in this layer are dead

Function – production of keratinized cells for the stratum corneum

Back 9

Stratum lucidium

Front 10

Beneath the stratum lucidum

Cells in this layer are beginning to die due to accumulation of eledin and their increasing distance from the dermal blood supply.

Some living and some dead cells in this layer

Function – production of keratinized cells for stratum corneum

Back 10

Stratum granulosum

Front 11

Beneath the stratum granulosum

All the cells are living

Function – some of the cells are part of an immune response – they mount a defense against micro-
organisms that penetrate the skin and against skin cancers

Back 11

Stratum spinosum

Front 12

Deepest layer of the epidermis

All of the cells in this layer are living

Function – produce the cells for the other epidermal layers

This layer contains specialized cells called melanocytes that produce the dark pigment melanin which protects against the harmful effects of ultraviolet light

Back 12

Stratum germiniativum {basale}

Front 13

What are the 2 layers of the dermis called?

Back 13

Papillary layer and Reticular layer

Front 14

Upper layer of dermis

Contains dermal papillae, which are conelike projections into the epidermis

They create the ridges on the surface of the epidermis which are fingerprints

Function – has abundant capillaries whose blood furnishes nutrients to the cells of the epidermis and allow heat to radiate to the skin surface

Also contains touch and pain receptors

Back 14

Papillary layer

Front 15

Deepest layer of dermis
Contains many arteries and veins which carry blood to and from the capillaries in the papillary layer

Also contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and pressure receptors

Back 15

Reticular layer

Front 16

Describe skin derivatives:

Back 16

During embryonic development they originate from cells of the epidermis.

Front 17

Found in all parts of the skin except palms of hands and soles of the feet

Attached to hair follicle and their duct empties secretions into the hair follicle

Function:
Produce an oily secretion called sebum, which is a lubricant that keeps the skin soft and moist and keep the hair from becoming brittle

Back 17

Sebaceous glands

Front 18

Widely distributed in the skin

Consist of a coiled tubule with a long duct that opens to the surface at sweat pores

Functions: Temperature regulation and Excretion

Back 18

Sweat glands

Front 19

Name the 2 types of sweat glands based on the composition of their secretion.

Back 19

Eccrine gland and Apocrine gland

Front 20

Distributed in all parts of the skin

Produce clear perspiration containing water, NaCl, and urea

Back 20

Eccrine gland

Front 21

Found in skin in axilla and gential areas

Produce a milky protein based secretion that is an ideal nutrient for microorganisms found on the skin

Back 21

Apocrine gland

Front 22

Found in all parts of skin except palms, soles, and lips

Originate from structure in skin called a hair follicle

Back 22

Hair

Front 23

portion of the hair within the hair follicle

Back 23

Hair root

Front 24

portion of hair above above the surface of the skin

Back 24

Hair shaft

Front 25

small muscle attached to the hair follicle which causes the hair to stand erect

Back 25

Arrector pili muscle

Front 26

Scale-like modifications of the epidermis that forms a clear protective covering on the distil and dorsal surfaces of fingers and toes

Consist of a root and a body

Grows from the root

Back 26

Nails

Front 27

Serves as tools to help pick up small objects and to scrath an itch

Back 27

Nails