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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A system of government in which the church governs the state is known as:
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Theocracy
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This document, drawn up by the Plymouth colonists in December 1620 to provide themselves legal protection under a system of government, was the first in a long series of “squatter’s agreements” which became tools of people moving into the wilderness who found themselves temporarily beyond the pale of law.
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Mayflower Conflict
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Which of the following was presented during lecture as an example of the Native Aristocracy in the American colonies?
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Thomas Jefferson
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The Virginia colony nearly failed in its first few years because:
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The first settlers had few of the skills necessary to allow them to survive in the wilderness.
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To guarantee quick profits on their investments, the proprietors of the Georgia colony offered to import slaves directly from Africa to help plantation owners lucrative tobacco and sugar plantations.
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False
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All of the following groups supported the king during the English Civil War, EXCEPT:
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country squires with business connections.
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After the Restoration, merchants:
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demand new markets
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In 1612, what Virginia planter first raised tobacco for sale to England?
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John Rolfe
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Introduced first by the Portuguese in the early 1400s, this type of vessel combined lateen and square sail rigs with a sternpost rudder, magnetic compass, and cannon on a large, heavy hull.
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Caravel
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The intolerance of the first New England colonists eventually instilled in their descendents the idea of religious freedom.
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True
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Which of the following explorers gave England its first claim to North America?
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Christopher Columbus
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The magnetic compass was invented by:
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the Chinese
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The potential for conflict between Europeans and the indigenous people in North America stemmed primarily from different values concerning the:
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relationship to the environment
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All of the following combined to make the Atlantic Ocean a barrier to exploration prior to the fifteenth century, EXCEPT:
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no knowledge of star navigation
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Perhaps the most significant impact of the Crusades for Europe was the:
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introductions of the trade in spices
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The followers of this Protestant sect of dissenters believed that the Church of England had to be cleansed of its Catholic influences. Their beliefs brought them into conflict with the first Stuart kings and led to the founding of Massachusetts.
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Puritans
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“Justification by Faith Alone” was the doctrine of:
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Martin Luther
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Which of the following was presented during lecture as an example of the Middle Class in the American colonies?
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Paul Revere
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In 1519, the Aztec empire of central Mexico was attacked and eventually conquered by:
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Hernando Cortez
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In 1607 a group of English merchants established the first permanent British colony in North American at:
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Jamestown
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The slogan “God, Gold, Glory” best describes the colonial motivations of which of the following states?
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Spain
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As a result of the development of agriculture in the Americas, the members of native tribes
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grew in numbers and founded separate societies
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The failure of the Roanoke experiment in the 1580s taught the English that:
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colonies must be self-sufficient and produce their own wealth.
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The concept of “a City on a Hill” is attributed to:
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John Calvin
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In 1619, to encourage migration to its colony in America, the Virginia Company authorized the creation of legislative body composed of elected representatives. This first elected representative legislature in the British North American colonies was called (the):
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House of Burgesses
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Completed in 1492 by Ferdinand and Isabella, this term refers to the nearly 700-year war of unification fought by Spanish knights and lords to drive the Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula.
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Reconquista
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In 1688 Parliament established a constitutional monarchy in England when is deposed King James II in a bloodless coup known historically as the:
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The Glorious Revolution
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Which of the following groups did NOT support Parliament during the English Civil War?
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The Nobility
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The Europeans acquired the lateen sail from:
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The Arabs
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According to the theory of mercantilism, colonies existed primarily to:
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provide foodstuffs and raw materials
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Carried on entirely outside of Great Britain, the commercial sailing route tied New England into a larger Atlantic basin trade system.
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Triangle Trade
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Archaeological studies of the Mound Builders suggest that Native American
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societies participated in a vast trading network that linked villages across the continent
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What impact did the English Civil War have on the American colonies?
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The conflict deflected attention away from the colonies, allowing them to develop their own institutions without interference from England.
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How did the Pueblo native people benefit from Spanish arrival?
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all of the above
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Which of the following best describes the role of the Joint-Stock company in English colonization?
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It was used to finance colonial ventures
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The largest number of immigrants to America in the eighteenth century arrived from:
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Africa
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Though he was Italian by birth, Christopher Columbus’ four voyages to the Americas occurred under the flag of:
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Spain
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In his travels through the Gulf of Mexico region, Spanish explorer de Soto
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All of the above
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Despite their large numbers, non-English immigrants arriving in the colonies during the eighteenth century had little or no influence on the established British culture in America.
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False
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Which of the following best describes the social/economic structure in the Southern colonies?
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Large tobacco and sugar plantations, built around slave labor, dominated the region.
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The “great migration” refers to:
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the movement of large numbers of Puritans to Massachusetts between 1629 and 1630
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Which of the following best describes the social/economic structure in the Middle colonies?
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Farmers lived on their own farms, producing cash-crops for sale abroad.
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All of the following accurately described the aftermath of the Pueblo Revolt EXCEPT.
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All of the above
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Oliver Cromwell:
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After destroying the king’s forces in 1648, overthrew Parliament in 1653 and established himself as Lord Protector of England.
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The Pueblos were pushed to the point of revolt when the Spaniards began to:
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assault their religion by seizing their kivas
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All of the following explain why the Tudor monarchs in England failed to sponsor significant voyages exploration and colonization, EXCEPT.
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Elizabeth I’s attempt to divorce King Philip of Spain.
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The colony of New Jersey:
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was granted by James, Duke of York to his friends to pay off personal debts.
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The Roanoke experiment showed the English that mining was the only commercial venture that guaranteed a financially successful colony.
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False
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The high cost of sea voyages required the creation of unified nation-states before the Age of Exploration could begin.
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True
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Appointing by the Continental Congress to lead the Continental Army, this Virginian planned and led an attack against the Hessian garrison at Trenton on Christmas night 1776, and followed it up with a victory over a larger British force at Princeton in January 1777. These victories helped restore patriot morale during one of the lowest points of the War for Independence.
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George Washington
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As part of their plan to tighten British control of their new empire, this piece of legislation closed American settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, giving the land instead to the Native Americans.
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Proclamation of 1763
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The 1787 incident in which debt-ridden Massachusetts farmers armed themselves and marched on Boston to seize control of the state, leading to the calling of the Philadelphia Convention and the drafting of the Constitution of the United States was called:
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Shay’s Rebellion
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In response to the lower class protests in Boston, supporters of the King created the Stamp Act Congress to defend the right of England to tax the American colonies.
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False
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At the beginning of the War for Independence the American soldiers’ belief in democracy made discipline nearly impossible to maintain.
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True
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The term “revolution” was defined and used by the class as meaning anything involving change, simple or otherwise.
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False
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The passage of the Stamp Act prompted Samuel Adams to create this association in Boston to organize lower-class resistance to the new taxes.
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Sons of Liberty
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The American Crisis, the 1776 pamphlet which begins with the stirring words: “These are the times that try men’s souls: The summer soldier, and the sun-shine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country; but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman…” was written by which of the following?
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Thomas Paine
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Which of the following is NOT a “stage of statehood?”
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After a five-year probationary period, equal statehood is granted by the Congress
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Which of the following sequence of events on the road to Revolution is NOT in correct chronological order?
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Stamp Act, Tea Act, Boston Massacre
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At the end of the Seven-Years War, the British permanently stationed an army of 10,000 men in the American colonies. What percentage of the annual cost of that army were the Americans expected to pay?
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1/3 of the cost
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The “minute man” Levi Preston argued that the drive toward independence was:
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a conservative movement in which the Americans fought to preserve rights and liberties they already had.
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The Constitution of the United States provided a perfect balance of power between the states and the federal government.
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False
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According to the lecture, approximately what percentage of the population of the American colonies were loyalists at the beginning of the War for Independence?
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one-third
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Passed in the years after the Restoration, this series of laws required, among other things, that only English ships and crews be used in all trade with the colonies, and listed certain enumerated goods that could only be sold to England. These laws represent the first attempts by England to regulate Colonial commerce.
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Navigation Acts
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With reference to national economic systems, the term Laissez Faire argues:
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that governments should not interfere with the market place
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Which of the following used the latin term “Tabula Rasa,” which means “blank slate,” to explain his idea that all human characteristics are the result of environment interaction?
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John Locke
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Generally speaking, Enlightment philosophes shared all of the following characteristics, EXCEPT:
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they were generally accepting of traditional values and institutions, seeing in them the basis of social stability.
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As result of the 7-Years war, Great Britain:
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All of the Above
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For the American Civilians, the Revolution
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often caused destruction of confiscation of their property
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Which of the following was NOT used by Britain to try to regulate colonial manufacture?
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Tea Act
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During the American Revolution, the state militias:
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served to legitimate the war among the people.
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In 1754 the Albany Congress was called to:
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United the colonies in a mutual defense pact against the French and the Indian allies.
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The impact of British legislation regulating colonial commerce and manufacture on the American colonies prior to 1750 can best be described as:
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Having no apparent impact on colonial life
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Born in poverty in geneva, the philosophe’s 1762 work, The Social Contract introduced the idea of the “general will” which is the basis of modern nationalism.
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J.J. Rousseau
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The purpose of the Stamp Act was to:
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pay the colonies share of the cost of a permanent British army in America.
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In the incident known as the “Boston Massacre”:
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British soldiers fired their muskets into a Boston mod, killing five Americans and wounding several others.
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John Lock’s Second Treatise of Government:
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Introduced the concept of government as a social contract in which the people surrender only limited power to the government.
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Enlightment thinkers defined “natural laws” as forces of nature that operate on all things as all times.
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True
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After opening debates on the issue of independence from great Britain in June 1776, the Second Continental Congress assigned the task of putting together a draft of Declaration of Independence to a committee headed by this Virginian:
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Thomas Jefferson
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The fourth and last major colonial war between England and France, this conflict led to the final defeat of France in North America and gave England control of Canada and North American east of the Mississippi River.
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The French and Indian War
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In the mid-1750s, Benjamin Franklin bungled his only attempt at leading troops when the Pennsylvania militia he commanded in the Ohio Valley ambushed and murdered a French ambassador, triggering a conflict between England and France that would eventually grow into a world war.
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False
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Which of the following sequence of events is show in the correct chronological order?
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Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment
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In 1767, shortly after the failure of the Stamp Act, Parliament passed a new series of laws placing external taxes on paper, ink, tea, and other goods shipped from England to the colonies. These new regulations were collectively known as the:
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Townshead Acts
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The development of the “scientific method” is generally credited to Francis Bacon and:
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Galileo
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Drafted in late 1776 as a war measure and adopted in 1781, this document created the first national government of the United States.
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The Articles of Confederation
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By identifying and describing the “natural laws” that governed human societies and interactions, Enlightenment thinkers hoped to create a perfect society on earth.
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True
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Which of the following was NOT an issue settled in the peace treaty ending the War for Independence?
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British Merchants were denied the right to collect debts in the United States
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The Tea Act of 1773:
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Gave the British East India Company a monopoly on the sale of tea to the colonies.
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The constitutional doctrine of “separation of powers,” which profoundly influences the farmers of the United States Constitution, was introduced by:
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Montesqueiu
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Signed on September 3, 1783, this document brought a formal recognition of the independence of the United States from Great Britain, and established the official borders of the new country.
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The Peace of Paris
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The primary leader(s) in the drive to replace the first central government in 1787 was/were:
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James Madison and Alexander Hamilton
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Many American black slaves sought their freedom during the Revolution by
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fighting with the British
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According to the policy of “Mercantilism.”
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colonies were tools to be exploited for the benefit of the mother country.
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The ideology of revolutionary republicanism
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Borrowed ideas from English political thought and Enlightenment theories
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As a result of the British victory over the French in North America:
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Americans began flooding over the Appalachian Mountains into territories designated by the British as Indian lands, sparking several Indian wars.
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The “Boston Tea Party”:
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An incident in December 1773 when several dozen Boston citizens boarded three East India Company ships and tossed their cargo of tea into the harbor.
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In the republican worldview, government power
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threatened liberty
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John Locke’s contract theory of government argued that:
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People have certain rights in the state of nature, which include the right to life, liberty, and property.
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Benedict Arnold’s defeat of a British army under General John Burgoyne at this battle in October 1777 eventually secured for the United States economic military alliance with French.
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Saratoga
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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves:
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were written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
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The first president of the United States was:
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George Washington
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The administrator of the Second Bank of the United States, this man offered interest-free loans to candidates running against Andrew Jackson or any of his supporters in the 1832 elections.
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D) Nicholas Biddle
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As a result of the attack on the U.S.S. Chesapeake by the British frigate Little Belt in 1807 President Madison was forced to reestablish trade with Great Britain
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False
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The X-Y-Z Affair refers to the secret efforts by president John Adams to introduce a national curriculum for public schools.
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False
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The naming of Henry Clay as Secretary of State by President John Quincy Adams in 1825 was challenged by Andrew Jackson’s supporters, who referred to the act as:
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the Corrupt Bargain
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Between 1820 and 1860, the leading industry in the United States involved the production of:
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Textiles
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Term usually used to describe the presidency of James Monroe when the demise of the Federalist Party gave the appearance of national unity.
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The Era of Good Feelings
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Who shot and killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel?
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Aaron Burr
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Which of the following groups would have been LEAST likely to support Andrew Jackson politically?
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Native Aristocrats
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“The American System” refers to the United States policy of actively promoting democratic overthrow of monarchies around the world.
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False
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In 1794, farmers in western Pennsylvania rose up against the Federal Government’s Excise Tax on 1791. This event is known historically as:
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the Whiskey Rebellion
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In the election of 1824, Andrew Jackson won more popular votes and more electoral college votes than the eventual winner, John Quincy Adams.
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True
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Andrew Jackson’s political opponents adopted the title “Whigs” to suggest affinity with the Patriots of the American Revolution and their war against King George III.
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True
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The controversial French Minister who, in 1793, criticized the U.S. government’s neutrality policies and insulted President Washington was:
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Citizen Genet
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In the first half of the nineteenth century, which of the following sectional leaders represented the interests of the Northeast industrialists?
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Daniel Webster
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Despite his ideological rhetoric, the sole effect of Thomas Jefferson’s election into the Presidency was:
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a shift of power away from the northern mercantile aristocracy to the southern planter aristocracy.
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All of the following factors contributed to American economic growth between 1820 and 1860, EXCEPT:
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low tariff rates
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As a result of President Jackson’s moving U.S. Treasury funds into specially sleeved “Pet Banks” the states experiences a period of:
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wildcat banking
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In 1796, John Adams was elected president largely because the American people resented the interference of French agents who campaigned for Thomas Jefferson.
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True
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A General in the United States Army during the War of 1812, his destruction of the capital city of the “The Prophet” during the Battle of Tippecanoe in November 1811 eliminated the Indian threat in the lands north of the Ohio River for an entire generation.
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William Henry Harrison
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Thomas Jefferson’s two principle cabinet appointments were:
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James Madison & Albert Gallatin
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The most vocal calls for the war against Great Britain in 1812 came from Henry Clay and other congressional representatives from the west and south, collectively known as:
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War Hawks
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The doctrine of loyal opposition holds that political partisanship is not a crime, and that one could oppose the policies of the government and still be a loyal American.
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True
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Which of the following was NOT an issue resolved by the peace settlements ending the War of 1812?
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formal recognition of the right of any nation to carry on trade without interference with nations at war.
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Many slaveholders urged their slaves to attend church because it
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offered the slaveholder a form of social control
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As a result of the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1801:
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President John Adams filled sixteen federal judgeships with Federalists shortly before leaving office.
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Invented by Eli Whitney in 1793, this device triggered a rapid expansion of plantation agriculture in the South and revived the dying institution of slavery.
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Cotton Gin
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All of the following factors contributed to American economic growth from 1820 to 1860 EXCEPT the
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maintenance of low tariff rates.
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Women workers in the Lowell mills
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lived in closely supervised company boardinghouses.
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Which of the following was NOT a nickname applied to Andrew Jackson?
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“The Pathfinder”
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The early mechanization of the cloth industry
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supplemented rather than replaced home manufacturing
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Jackson’s controversial actions in Florida during this 1817-1818 Indian war eventually forced him to leave the military and enter into politics.
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Seminole War
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Who was the chief advocate of the economic program known as the “American System”?
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Henry Clay
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All of the following describe the lives of the free southern black EXCEPT
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they owned substantial amounts of property
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Alexander Hamilton’s economic policies led to all of the following EXCEPT
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adoption of the free trade doctrine
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By the 1850’s, all of the following factors undermined the united action of women mill workers EXCEPT the
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long tenure of women workers
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All of the following are true about free black women EXCEPT
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many owned a large amount of property
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The “Trail of Tears” was:
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the forced removal of the Cherokee from their ancestral homelands in Georgia and South Carolina to Indian Territory
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During the first half of the nineteenth century, which of the following sectional leaders represented the interests of the Southern Planter?
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John C. Calhoun
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His victory over the British forces at New Orleans at the end of the War of 1812 helped earn him the title “Hero of the West.”
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Andrew Jackson
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In 1798, President John Adams secured the passage of which of the following controversial acts?
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Alien and Sedition Acts
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Which of the following WAS NOT identified as an “enduring contribution of the Federalists” to American civilization?
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Formally established the absolute power of the Federal government over states
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The concept of domesticity
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implied the moral superiority of women
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The women who came to Lowell for mill jobs were
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the first women to labor outside their homes in large numbers
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In 1803 Thomas Jefferson used “implied powers” to acquire this vast territory west of the Mississippi River:
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The Louisiana Purchase
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According to the constitutional doctrine of “implied powers,” the federal government has the authority to:
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enact a broad range of laws necessary and proper for carrying out the government’s responsibilities.
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The “Revolution of 1800” referred to the election of which of the following to the presidency of the United States?
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Thomas Jefferson
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Compared to the United States, slavery in Latin America
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was just as harsh
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President Andrew Jackson responded to South Carolina’s nullification of the Tariff of 1832 by all of the following actions EXCEPT:
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seeking a Supreme Court review on the Doctrine of Nullification
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