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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the general functions of the nervous system? |
-initiate and/or regulate movement of body parts -maintain state of consciousness -gather information from internal and external environment -regulate secretion from plants |
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What are the two acting systems of the nervous system? |
-central nervous system -peripheral nervous system |
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The peripheral nervous system is divided into what two systems? |
-autonomic nervous system -somatic nervous system |
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The autonomic nervous system is broken down into what two systems? |
-sympathetic nervous system -parasympathetic nervous system |
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Who is responsible for gathering information? |
Peripheral nervous system |
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What type of information does the somatic nervous system gather? |
-temperature from surface of body -deep sensation (pain/pressure) -positional sensation |
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Who specifically is in charge of the fight or flight response? |
Sympathetic nervous system |
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What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? |
Normal body functions |
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The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the release of what two hormones? |
-epinephrine -norepinephrine |
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Sympathetic nervous system stimulates... |
-circulatory -respiratory |
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Parasympathetic nervous system stimulates.... |
-digestion -increased salivation |
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What is the cell of the nervous system called? |
Neuron |
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Can the axon ending communicate with any part of the second neuron? |
Yes |
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What starts after a stimulus causes a neuron to send information down the axon? |
Action potential |
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What is responsible for depolarizing and repolarizing the nerve cell? |
Na and K |
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Neurontransmitters bind to... |
Receptors |
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Mechanoreceptors detect... |
Deep tissue, hearing, and arterial pressure |
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Thermoreceptors detect.... |
Temperature |
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Nociceptors detect... |
Tissue damage |
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Electromagnetic receptors detect... |
Light |
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Chemoreceptors detect.... |
Taste |
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Spatial summation |
More receptors firing |
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Temporal summation |
Increased frequency of impulses |
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Term for complete nervous path involved in a reflex action... |
Reflex arc |
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Types of muscle |
-cardiac -smooth -skeletal |
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Functions of muscle |
-regulate physiological processes -allow locomotion |
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What are the functional groups of muscles? |
-adductors -sphincters -abductors |
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Adductors |
Pull a limb towards median plane |
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Abductors |
Move muscle away from median plane |
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Flexor muscles |
Muscle on the side that the joint bends |
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Extensor muscle |
Muscle is on opposite side the joint bends |
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What are the muscles called that allow a horse to twitch its skin? |
Cutaneous |
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Connective tissue covering muscles |
-fascia -perimysium -epimysium -endomysium |
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Epimysium covers |
Entire muscle |
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Perimysium covers |
Bundles of muscles |
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Endomysium covers |
Each muscle fiber |
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What is the outer membrane of the muscle fiber? |
Sarcolemma |
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What is the term for skeletal muscle cell |
Muscle fiber |
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The sarcoplasmic reticulum specializes in..... |
Transporting and releasing Ca |
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When looking at the alternating bands of muscle fiber, what is each individual section called? |
Sarcomere |
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Myofiliments come in 3 sizes (true or false) |
False |
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Thin Filaments are composed of |
-actin -troponin -tropomyosin |
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Thick Filomena are composed of... |
-myosin -globular heads |
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What does myosin need first in order to bind to an actin? |
ATP |
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What does troponin need first in order to allow myosin to bind up to actin? |
Ca |
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Each thick Filament is surrounded by 6 thin filaments (true or false) |
True |
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At rest, myosin is not touching actin (true or false) |
True |
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Each muscle cell is stimulated by two nerve endings (true or false) |
False |
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What is the motor unit? |
Nerve fibers and muscle cells it stimulates |
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The synaptic troughs are found on |
Sarcolemma |
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What stops the excitation of a nerve after transmission of an impulse to a muscle cell? |
Acetylcholinesterase |
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An action potential in the muscle cell causes the release of... |
Ca |
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Released Ca binds to |
Troponin |
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The process of myosin pulling the actin towards the center of the sarcomere is called |
Power stroke |
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Force of contraction = force of load on the muscle |
Isometric contraction |
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Force of contraction is greater than the force of load |
Isotonic contraction |
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Label the muscle |
Back (Definition) |
