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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 main elements in the body |
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen |
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Oxygen O Number of electrons in outer shell |
6 (Atomic number 8) |
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Carbon C Number of electrons in outer shell |
4 Atomic number 6 |
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Hydrogen H Number of electrons in outer shell |
1 Atomic number 1 |
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Nitrogen N Number of electrons in outer shell |
5 Atomic number 7 |
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Calcium Ca # of valence electrons Atomic number |
2 Atomic number 20 |
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Phosphorus P Number of valence electrons |
5 Atomic number 15 |
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Sodium Na Number of electrons in outer shell |
1 Atomic number 11 |
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Potassium K Number of electrons in outer shell |
1 Atomic number 19 |
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Chlorine Cl Number of electrons in outer shell |
7 Atomic number 17 |
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Iodine I Number of valence electrons |
7 Atomic number 53 |
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Why do most ionic compounds (electrolytes) dissociate easily in water? |
Water molecules, with slightly different charges at each end, are attracted to ions and wedge between them, forcing them apart |
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Sodium ion |
Na+ |
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Chloride ion |
Cl- |
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Potassium ion |
K+ |
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Calcium ion |
Ca++ |
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Hydrogen ion |
H+ |
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Magnesium ion |
Mg++ |
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Hydroxide ion |
OH- |
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Phosphate ion |
PO4--- |
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Bicarbonate ion |
HCO3- |
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Which four atoms almost always form covalent bonds, forming all major organic compounds? |
Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Hydrogen |
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3 organic acids, 2 bases, and 1 neutral |
Stomach acid (0.8) Vaginal secretions (4.1) Urine (6.0) Cytoplasm (7.0) Blood (7.4) Pancreatic juice (8.0) |
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Four major types of organic compounds |
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids *All formed/broken with dehydration synthesis/hydrolysis!* |
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Types of carbohydrate |
Monosaccharide (glucose, galactose, fructose) Disaccharide (sucrose, lactose, maltose) Polysaccharide (glycogen, starch, dietary fiber) |
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Types of lipid |
Triglyceride-- 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids Phospholipid-- 1 phosphorus unit, 2 fatty acids Cholesterol-- 4 carbon rings at core |
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Types of proteins |
Structural proteins (fibers) Functional proteins (enzymes, hormones) |
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Types of nucleic acid |
DNA- phosphate unit, deoxyribose, nitrogen base (adenine-thymine, guanine-cytosine) RNA- phosphate unit, ribose, nitrogen base (adenine-uracil, guanine-cytosine) ATP- Adenosine (adenine and ribose), 3 phosphate |
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Magnesium- valence electrons |
2 Atomic number 12 |
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Prostaglandins |
A group of lipids made at sites of damage or infection "Tissue hormones" |
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Number of electrons in each shell (if the shell number = n) |
2(n^2) |
