Anat & Phys Test 2

Front 1

Voltage gated Na+ channels are sensitive to changes in extracellular concentration of _______

Back 1

Ca++

Front 2

Action potentials are constant in ________

Back 2

Magnitude

Front 3

Another stimulus cannot cause another action potential during the absolute refractory period because...

Back 3

The voltage-gated sodium inactivation gate is closed

Front 4

This allows the action potential to propagate in an one-way direction

Back 4

Absolute refractory period

Front 5

After an action potential, a second action potential cannot occur until

Back 5

most of the sodium activation gates are shut

Front 6

The cell is permeable to Na+ again once

Back 6

repolarization is complete

Front 7

Increased K+ ions in extracellular fluid will cause

Back 7

depolarization

Front 8

During depolarization, what are the Na+ inactivation gate and activation gate doing?

Back 8

Activation and inactivation gates are both open

Front 9

When does the absolute refractory period end?

Back 9

When the inactivation gates of voltage-gated Na+ channels reopen

Front 10

If a cell has never had a Na+ K+ ATP-ase pump, where would it be located on an action potential graph?

Back 10

0 mV

Front 11

Action potentials happen with which kind(s) of channel(s)?

Back 11

ligand-gated and voltage-gated ion channels

Front 12

A new action potential is possible in the repolarization phase if...

Back 12

the repolarization potential value is lower than threshold

Front 13

During the course of an action potential, the membrane potential changes from positive to negative to positive, relative to the outside or inside of the cell?

Back 13

the outside

Front 14

How does reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ affect the magnitude of an action potential?

Back 14

The magnitude is decreased

Front 15

Which ion has the greatest influence on RMP?

Back 15

K+

Front 16

what would happen if the extracellular concentration of K+ were decreased?

Back 16

Hyperpolarization

Front 17

The resting membrane potential is established mainly due to

Back 17

K+ leak channels

Front 18

At RMP, what would happen to the plasma membrane if Cl- flowed into the cell?

Back 18

Hyperpolarization

Front 19

Which organelle generates ATP?

Back 19

Mitochondrion

Front 20

what buds off the Golgi Apparatus?

Back 20

Lysosomes

Front 21

Functions of cytoskeleton

Back 21

maintains cell shape, resists deformation, transport and migratory movement, cell signaling, endocytosis & exocytosis, and cell division

Front 22

Basic structure of cell

Back 22

Plasma membrane

Cytoplasm containing organelles

Nucleus

Front 23

Factors that affect rate of diffusion

Back 23

concentration gradient

temperature

size of molecule

viscosity of medium

membrane permeability

surface area

distance

Front 24

osmolarity and tonicity of 0.9% saline solution

Back 24

isosmotic and isotonic

Front 25

osmolarity and tonicity of 5% dextrose solution

Back 25

Isosmotic and hypotonic

Front 26

osmolarity and tonicity of 5% dextrose + 0.9% saline solution

Back 26

hyperosmotic and isotonic

Front 27

osmolarity and tonicity of 0.45% saline

Back 27

hyposmotic and hypotonic

Front 28

osmolarity and tonicity of 5% dextrose + 0.45% saline solution

Back 28

hyperosmotic and hypotonic