Evolution Review

Front 1

a well supported, testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world

Back 1

theory

Front 2

darwin's voyage on the H.M.S. ________________ led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about life.

Back 2

beagle

Front 3

darwin's hypothesis about how life changes over time is now called the theory of _________________

Back 3

evolution

Front 4

Of all the places he visited, the ___________________ Islands influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution the most.

Back 4

galapagos

Front 5

in addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called _____________

Back 5

fossils

Front 6

On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants _________
A. all looked alike
B. varied from island to island
C. were acquired through use

Back 6

varied from island to island

Front 7

Which of the following best describes how Lamarck would explain giraffes with long necks?
A. Long-necked giraffes eat more grass than short necked giraffes so their necks grow longer.
B. Natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter-necked giraffes & longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily.
C. Some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food & passed that trait on.
D. Giraffes just started out with long necks & haven’t changed.

Back 7

C

Front 8

Which of the following ideas, proposed by Lamarck, was later found to be incorrect?
A. All species were descended from other species
B. Acquired characteristics can be inherited.
C. Living things change over time.
D. Organisms are adapted to their environments.

Back 8

B

Front 9

proposed that Earth was shaped by geological forces that took place over millions of years

Back 9

CHARLES LYELL

Front 10

proposed that organisms acquired or lost traits during their lifetime by selective use or disuse of organs

Back 10

JEAN-BAPTISTE LAMARCK

Front 11

predicted that the human population will grow faster than the space and food the space and food needed to sustain it

Back 11

THOMAS MALTHUS

Front 12

stressed that scientists can explain past events in terms of processes occurring they can observe happening now

Back 12

JAMES HUTTON

Front 13

proposed a hypothesis to explain how living things change over time

Back 13

CHARLES DARWIN

Front 14

Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic structure are called _______________ structures.

Back 14

Homologous

Front 15

Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the “survival of the fittest” as __________________________

Back 15

natural selection

Front 16

The idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called ________________.

Back 16

descent with modification

Front 17

The natural differences between individuals of a species are referred to as________________________

Back 17

natural variation

Front 18

When farmers select the largest hogs, the fastest horses, or the cows that produce the most milk for breeding it is called ________________.

Back 18

artificial selection

Front 19

An inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its specific environment is called a(n) __________________.

Back 19

adaptation

Front 20

A human appendix, whale hipbones, and a skink’s legs are examples of _________________

Back 20

vestigial organs

Front 21

Which of the following best describes how DARWIN would explain giraffes with long necks?
A. Long-necked giraffes eat more grass than short necked giraffes so their necks grow longer.
B. Natural variation in the population produces some longer & some shorter-necked giraffes & longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily and survive to pass on their genes.
C. Some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food & passed that trait on.
D. Giraffes just started out with long necks & haven’t changed.

Back 21

Natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter-necked giraffes and longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily and survive to pass on their genes.

Front 22

Competition for food, space, and other resources among members of a species is called ____________

Back 22

struggle for existence

Front 23

The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called _______________

Back 23

Fitness

Front 24

All of the following play a role in Darwin’s Theory of Evolution EXCEPT __________________________
A. natural variation
B. survival of the fittest
C. struggle for existence
D. inheritance of acquired traits

Back 24

inheritance of acquired traits

Front 25

Name 7 kinds of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of Evolution:

Back 25

geological, fossil evidence, homologous structures, analogous structures, vestigial structures, embryological development studies, DNA comparison studies

Front 26

Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called __________

Back 26

Gradualism

Front 27

Which of the following must be TRUE for Hardy-Weinberg to apply to a population?
A. The population must be small.
B. There must be NO movement in or out.
C. Mutations can’t happen.
D. Natural selection can occur.
E. Mating must be random.

Back 27

B. There must be NO movement in or out.
C. Mutations can’t happen.
E. Mating must be random.

Front 28

A bell-shaped curve like the one at the left is always seen in when graphing ___________ traits

Back 28

Polygenic

Front 29

A situation in which the allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of individuals is know as the ___________________

Back 29

founder effect

Front 30

Any change in the relative frequency of alleles in a population is called ________________.

Back 30

Evolution

Front 31

Which of the following is most likely to have caused the change in the population shown in the graphs at the left?

Back 31

a new beach color makes medium-tan crabs the most visible