Epsc 221: Earthquakes And Seismicity

Front 1

An __________________ is ground vibrations from the sudden release of elastic potential energy.

Back 1

Earthquake

Front 2

There are four many causes for earthquakes: ___________, ______________, ______________ and _____________.

Back 2

Tectonic activity, magma movement, crust overloading or human activity.

Front 3

The ____________, also known as the hypocenter, is the point bellow the earth's surface where breakage occurs.

Back 3

Focus

Front 4

The ____________ is the geographic point on the earth's surface directly above the focus.

Back 4

Epicenter

Front 5

The _________ is the displacement along an earthquake fault.

Back 5

Slip

Front 6

The __________ ___________ Theory states that: Regional stress causes strain deformation, a rupture occurs and the rocks return to the initial state.

Back 6

Elastic Rebound

Front 7

There are two main types of waves: __________ waves and ____________ waves.

Back 7

body and seismic

Front 8

The two types of body waves are ____ waves and _____ waves.

Back 8

P and S

Front 9

____ waves are the fastest of waves and travel through the earth through all materials. They are compression waves analogous to sound waves.

Back 9

P

Front 10

______ waves are slower than p-waves and cannot travel through liquids. They are analogous to shear waves.

Back 10

S

Front 11

________________ waves are the slowest seismic wave type and travel along the earth's surface.

Back 11

Surface

Front 12

____________ waves have snake-like motion with motion side to side along propogation.

Back 12

Love (L)

Front 13

____________ waves have retrograde wave-like motion.

Back 13

Rayleigh (R)

Front 14

In seismic waves, the ones that do the most damage are ______________ waves.

Back 14

Surface

Front 15

A ____________________ is a device that records seismic waves.

Back 15

Seismograph

Front 16

A ______________________ is a modern version of a seismograph.

Back 16

Seismometer

Front 17

A ______________ is the record of an earthquake as recorded by a seismograph.

Back 17

Seismogram

Front 18

The measure an earthquake's magnitude, the _________ scale is used.

Back 18

Ritcher

Front 19

The _____________ scale is logarithmic and measures earthquake magnitude. The value does not change with distance from the epicenter.

Back 19

Ritcher

Front 20

The ___________ ___________ scale measures the damage resulting from a quake at a given location. It ranges from I to XII.

Back 20

Modified Mercalli

Front 21

The _______ is the most commonly considered type of ground acceleration in engineering.

Back 21

PHA (Peak Horizontal Acceleration)

Front 22

Where do most earthquakes occur?

Back 22

Along plate boundaries, meaning spreading zones, subduction zones ( convergence) or transform boundaries.

Front 23

Name of hazards caused by earthquakes.

Back 23

Structural failure from ground movement, liquifaction, landslides, tsunamis and fires.

Front 24

To be useful, earthquake _________________ must be precise enough to warrant the cost of increased preparations.

Back 24

Prediction

Front 25

What are man-made projects that may cause increased seismic activity?

Back 25

Hydraulic fracturing, fluid extraction, oil recovery, mining and wastewater injection.