Epsc 221: Metamorphism

Front 1

Metamorphism is the process by which rocks undergo _________ - ________ changes through increased temperature, pressure and active fluids. The process occurs to maintain equilibrium.

Back 1

Solid-State

Front 2

The type and degree of change in parent rocks is dependent on ___________ and __________ __________.

Back 2

Intensity and metamorphism type.

Front 3

The chemical composition of a metamorphic rock is largely based on the _________ _______.

Back 3

Parent Rock

Front 4

Heating-induced metamorphism is either due to an ______________ intrusion or by the earth's internal heat if deep enough.

Back 4

Igneous

Front 5

Pressure changes mainly impact the _____________ characteristics of rocks.

Back 5

Physical

Front 6

_________________ pressure, also known as uniform stress, involves the squeezing of a rock from all directions.

Back 6

Confining

Front 7

The formula for confining pressure bellow the earth's surface is ________________. It is also called lithostatic pressure.

Back 7

P = pgh

Front 8

____________ pressure, also known as differential stress, is when uneven pressure distribution leads to body deformation. Compression, rotation and tension occur.

Back 8

Directed

Front 9

In surface environments temperature is ________, and rocks are ___________. Pressure leads to breakage.

Back 9

1. low

2. brittle

Front 10

In deep lithosphere environments temperature is _________ and rocks are ___________. Pressure leads to compression and elongations.

Back 10

1. high

2. ductile

Front 11

During metamorphism hydrothermal fluid can do two things: _________________ and _____________________. These two things alter the chemical composition of the rock.

Back 11

1. Remove chemicals from rocks.

2. Add chemicals to the rocks

Front 12

The process of ______________ occurs when minerals in rocks orient themselves parallel to one another.

Back 12

foliation

Front 13

At depth hydrothermal fluid can transport elements and ions before depositing them, affecting _____________ and _____________ _______________.

Back 13

Mineralogy and Chemical Composition

Front 14

The majority of metamorphic rocks come from ___________ metamorphism.

Back 14

regional

Front 15

Regional metamorphism occurs due to increased pressure and temperature at ______________ plate boundaries.

Back 15

convergent

Front 16

Arrange the following shale metamorphim steps in order from low grade to high grade.

- Shale

- Gneiss

- Phyllite

- Schist

-Slate

Back 16

- Shale

- Slate

- Phyllite

- Schist

- Gneiss

Front 17

Metamorphic ___________ refers to the temperature and pressure conditions of a certain metamorphism type.

Back 17

grade

Front 18

__________-grade metamorphism refers to processes occurring at low pressures and around 200 degrees.

Back 18

Low

Front 19

Medium-grade metamorphism occurs at moderate pressures and temperatures > __________ degrees.

Back 19

600

Front 20

High-grade metamorphism occurs at temperatures between 600 and ____________ degrees, as well as high pressures.

Back 20

800

Front 21

Metamorphic rocks are classified based on their ____________ and _____________.

Back 21

texture and degree of metamorphim

Front 22

Slaty, Schistosity and Gneissic banding textures are examples of ______________ textures.

Back 22

foliated

Front 23

Marble and quartzite are ____________ metamorphic rocks. ___________________ is the parent of quartzite, _________________ is the parent of marble.

Back 23

1. non-foliated

2. sandstone

3. limestone

Front 24

_______________ metamorphism occurs along the margins of igneous intrusions and magma bodies. It is localized around the intrusion zone.

Back 24

Contact

Front 25

Metamorphic rocks formed from contact metamorphism are ________________ -grained and non-foliated.

Back 25

fine

Front 26

The area surrounding an igneous body in regional metamorphism is called the ______________.

Back 26

aureole

Front 27

Does contact metamorphism produced foliated and non-foliated rocks?

Back 27

Yes

Front 28

_____________ metamorphism occurs due to direct pressure, such as around sliding fault zones.

Back 28

Cataclastic

Front 29

Low grade index rocks are _________ and _________.

Back 29

Slate and Phyllite

Front 30

An intermediate grade index rock is __________.

Back 30

Schist

Front 31

A high grade index rock is _________.

Back 31

Gneiss