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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ER admissions for SCI 0 -15 and 16 - 30 |
1- 3 % 63% |
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SCI's % intact, incomplete, complete |
50 33 17 |
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% of deaths due to sports trauma from SCI deaths due to lesions at c1/c2
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20% 80% |
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Most frequently fractured vertebrae most frequent level of neurological injury |
c5 c5/c6 |
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How many cervical vertebra and what do they al have except c1/c2? |
seven and all have an anterior vertebral body separated by the cervical disc |
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SPinal cord is protected by |
the bony vertebral body and posterior element |
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How many spinal nerves exiting between vertebra? |
8 |
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Central spinal cord |
Nucleus pulposus |
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Function of ring of ligaments |
function as shock absorber restricts movement between vertebrae restricts shear movements maintains space between vertebral bodies |
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How many degrees of cervical mobility in flexion extension side flexion rotation |
60 75 45 80 |
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How many pairs of spinal nerves lower motor neurons |
8 - mixed motor / sensory and asscending / descending |
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Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
Spinal cord just damaged on one side see loss of reflexes, proprioception, kinesthesia same side loss of pain/temp opposite side |
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Anterior Cord Syndrome |
Flexion of neck damages anterior portion of spinal cord
Loss of motor function and pain/temp below the level bilateral |
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Central cord syndrome |
Hyperextension of the neck causes sensory deficits and eefects upper extremities more than motor and lower extremities |
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Most common MOI for spinal injuries (6) |
Acceleration of deceleration Sudden forceful flexion or extension Strain to anterior / posterior muscles Forced hyper flexion or hyperextension or rotation Blows to the top of head Axial loading (compression fracture to the body of vertebra) |
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degrees of movement o-a joint (3) |
Flexion 10 - 20
Side Flexion 10
Roation 0 |
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C1-C2 |
Flexion 10
Side Flexion 5
Rotation 50 |
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c3-c7 |
Flexion / Extension 50%?? |
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Cervical Assessment steps 1 - 5 |
1. MOI 2. Location of pain 3. Neurological status 4. Neck palpation 5. Passive Rom; empty end feel (no range because too much pain) |
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How to check neurological status |
Sensory - ask if they have pins/needles Motor - squeeze your hand Is it Unilateral/Ipsilateral or Contralateral Bilateral / quad symptoms Bowel or bladder dysfunction |
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Cervical assessment steps 6 - 10 |
6. Check isometric strength 7. Active ROM in supine 8. Active ROM in sitting 9. Observation (Decerebrate rigidity vs. Decorticate) 10. Activate EAP |
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Burners / Stingers - what are they? |
Transient neuro symptoms resulting from traction to the nerve root / brachial plexus OR impingement of the nerve root at the vertebral foramen |
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Burners / Stingers - Where they come from, most common vertebrae effected and how to describe them |
Collision sports where neck is forced to end range
C5 and C6 dermatome
Pain, burning or tingling in ONE arm
Usually only sensory involvement |
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Important to assess for motor impairments in burners / stingers. C5 and C6 is associated with what movements |
C5 - shoulder abduction / external rotation
C6 - elbow flexion / wrist extension |
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Grade 1 burner |
Neuropraxia, no anatomic damage just physiological disruption, lasts seconds to minutes, no muscle wasting |
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Grade 2 burner |
Axonotmesis, internal architecture of nerve preserved, but axons badly damaged and degeneration occurs, motor / sensory loss 1 - 2 weeks, 100% recovery, symtoms for 1 year |
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Grade 3 burner |
Neurotmesis, structure of nerve is destroyed, by cutting, scarring, or compressing, internal and external disruption of nerve sheaths, 0 - 30% recovery, recovery time is months and may need surgery, muscle wasting with no pain |
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Peripheral nerve lesions |
Flaccid paralysis
Loss or reflexes
Muscle wasting and atrophy
Sensation changes |
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Upper motor nerve lesions |
Spastic / rigid
Hyper reflexia
No atrophy |
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Risk management |
Transfer Reduce Eliminate Retain |
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Transfer risk is done by... |
Waivers |
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Reduce risk by... |
Checking equipment, field |
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Eliminte risk by... |
Removing dangerous player |
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Retaining risk is... |
The acceptance that there is inherent risk in all sports and there is a chance of injury no matter the best efforts to keep athletes safe |
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Overuse injuries cause by most commonly what? |
Heel striking the ground which puts strain on lower leg / knee (eccentric load)
Body cannot recover fast enough |
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Signs and Symptoms of overuse (4) |
Swelling
Pain with use or after use
thickening of bursa / tendon / synovial sheath
Weakness may be evident |
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Kennedys five stages of tendonitis or overuse |
1. Pain after activity is stopped (ache) 2. Pain at beginning and after activity but does not affect play 3. Pain throughout but does not affect play 4. Pain throughout and affects play 5. Can not play due to pain |
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Cause of overuse injuries (4) |
1.Muscle imbalances 2. Over stressing joint (no recovery) Hill running Plyometrics 3. Mal-alignment Poor shoes Q angle at knee 4. Trauma to area and then training |
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Treatment of overuse injuries (5) |
Modification of activity Ice Assess to find imbalances (stretching, realignment / strength) Eccentric training Cortisone/anti-inflammatory |
