Ephe 344 Eye And Ankle Injuries

Front 1

Outer fibrous (2), middle (3), and inner (1), layers of the eye made up of?

Back 1

Outer: Sclera (posterior), and cornea (anterior)

Middle: Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris

Inner: Retina

Front 2

Anterior chamber is?

Posterior chamber is?

Back 2

Anterior chamber: Space between cornea (anterior) and iris/pupil (posterior)

Posterior chamber: Iris/pupil (anterior) and cilliary body (posterior)

Front 3

most common eye injuries and when should an athlete be referred?

Back 3

Abrasionas and lacerations most common, referred if the athletes vision is impaired

Front 4

Immediate referral if: (8)

Back 4

Persistently blurred vision

Loss of all or a part of the visual field

Double vision

Black eye global

Red eye anterior chamber

Object embedded in cornea

Eye protruding

Layer of blood between the cornea and iris-hyphema

Front 5

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Hyphema

Back 5

Accumulation of blood under/in conjunctival

Hyphema - direct blow to anterior of eye, blood collects in anterior chamber of the eye, prompt examination by opthamologist

Front 6

Eye Assessment

Back 6

History - MOI

Glasses, contact

feeling of something scratching eye

Observation - color, debris, scratches, dilation, abrasion

Read chart or sign 20 feet away, both eyes

Front 7

Eye assessment continued

Back 7

Peripheral field vision (difference right to left)

Depth perception (which one is closer?)

Tracking

Pupil (sphincter tear, neck injury, lens dislocation): size, shape, equality, reactions

Front 8

Orbital fractures occur from what? who must be examined for orbital fracture? What are the signs and symptoms?

Back 8

Direct blow to eyeball

Black eye

Protruding/sunken eyeball, double vision on upward gaze, numbness of cheek, rhinorrhea (significant mucus from nose)

Front 9

Blow out fracture: from what? fractures where? signs? do not do what?

Back 9

Direct blow to eyeball

Fractures fine bones in eye socket

Double vision when looking upwards

Do not blow nose

Front 10

Treatment for Debris? (3)

Back 10

Do not rub eye

Use sterile water

Do not apply pressure (rupture anterior chamber)

Front 11

Treatment for abrasiona/lacerations? (4)

Back 11

Do not rub eye for mild

Cover eyes for severe

Sterilize gauze pads placed over injured eye

Do not apply pressure

Front 12

Corneal abrasions: heal when? roughing of cornea may last how long? symptoms?

Back 12

Heals within 24 hours

Roughing of cornea may last 2 weeks

May feel like there is something in eye still

Antibiotic ointment may be applied, avoid topical anesthetics

Front 13

Corneal laceration is what?

Back 13

Self sealing - not likely to leak fluid from anterior chamber

Seek medical attention to treat for infection

Front 14

Treatment for nosebleed?

How to tell if leakage of CSF?

Back 14

Pinch nose and lean forward

Do not blow nose

Possible fracture of oribifform plate of ethmoid bone

Leakage of CSF: Blood on paper - CSF seperates from blood and shows as clear spot in center of blood

Front 15

Treatment for lid lacerations?

Back 15

If they cross the margins of the eyelid should be sutured immediately

Lid does help to retain fluid and the eye may dry out

If athlete has any of their vision impaired then they must be taken out

Front 16

Ankle Sprains Stats

% of all injuries

% sprains

% strains

% fractures

Back 16

11.8% of all injuries

84% sprains

6% strains

2.5% fractures

Front 17

Inversion/Eversion sprain at either two joints?

Plantarflexion/dorsiflexion

Abducton/Adduction

Back 17

subtala or talo-calcanean joint

talocural joint

midfoot

Front 18

Sprains:

Supination

Pronation

Back 18

Supination - inversion/plantarflexion/adduction

Pronation - eversion/dorsiflexion/abduction

Front 19

name the ligaments of the ankle and where are they?

Back 19

calcaneal fibular lig (left)

ant. talo-fibular lig (top)

peroneus brevis tendon (bottom)

5 metatarsal (pinky)

Front 20

Inversion sprain affects what ligaments?

Back 20

Anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular, posterior talofibular ligaments

Front 21

Inversion sprain - MOI

Grade II or III if what tests positive? (2)

Most common lig sprained?

Muscles strained possibly?

Assess what rules to determine if X-ray needed

Back 21

Moi - inversion / plantar flexion

Anterior drawer or Tilt

ATFL ligament

Peroneal muscles

Ottawa rules

Front 22

Inversion sprain grades

Back 22

Grade 1 - minimal swelling, decrease ROM, stable

Grade 2 - swelling , decrease ROM, instability

Grade 3 - lig rupture, swelling, decrease ROM, ecchymosis, instability

Front 23

Ottawa rules, Pain in ankle:

Back 23

1) tender, distal 6cm post fibula

2) tender distal 6cm post tibia

3) unable to bear weight

Front 24

Ottawa rules, pain in the foot:

Back 24

1. Tender base 5th metatarsal

2. Tender navicular

3. Unable to bear weight immediately

Front 25

Ankle Eversion, what ligament? may stress what bone? if isolated?

Back 25

Deltoid ligament, may stress fibula, complete tear (non weight bearing)

Front 26

Deltoid ligament composed of

Back 26

Anterior tibiotala, posterior tibiotalar, tibiocalcanean, tibionavicular

Front 27

Ankle treatment, address what complications?

Back 27

Muscle weakness

Joint stiffness, decreased ROM

Proprioception defect

Ligament instability

Excessive Scarring

Front 28

How to decrease ankle pain

Back 28

RICE

Crutches

Tape

Anti-inflammatory

Physio modalities

Activity modification

Easy ROM

Front 29

How to increase ankle flexibility?

Back 29

Stretching, mobilization

Strength, calf raises

Balance, eyes open/closed

Front 30

Reintroduction to sport:

Back 30

Walk, jog, run

Change of pace / direction

Practice

Games

Ankle brace

Front 31

High ankle sprian MOI

Back 31

Anterior distal tibial-fibular ligament sprain

When in ski boots / skate

Front 32

High ankle sprain symptoms:

Back 32

Pain, swelling, tenderness, over anterior distal tib-fib lig

Pain on rotation of talocural

Takes longer to return to activity

Front 33

Other ankle injuries

Back 33

avulsion fractures

Talar dome fracture

jones fracture

Navicular injury

Subluxation peroneal tendons

Posterior tibial tendon rupture

Achilles tendon rupture

Plantar fasciitis

Front 34

Avulsion Fracture

Back 34

Frequent at ligament attachment

Tip of lateral malleolus, talus, cuboid

Tenderness of proximal shaft of 5th metatarsus, lateral aspect of distal tibi-fibula

Front 35

Achlles tendon rupture, cause, sound, symptom, unable to, what test?

Back 35

Explosive movement, change of direction, acceleration

Pop, tear, or hit in ankle

pain, swelling, tenderness, deformity,

unable to single leg heel raise

thompson test

Front 36

Plantar fasciitis:

Back 36

Overuse injury

Morning pain - the first step is the worst

Tenderness on calcaneal, heel pain

stretch gastroc / soleus- longer stretch

wear supportive shoes

modify activity level