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114 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does Cassius feel about Caesar?
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He is envious of Caesar's new power and honor.
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How does Caesar view Cassius?
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He thinks he is dangerous.
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Why is Brutus' participation in the plot essential to Cassius?
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Brutus' participation will convince others that the assassination was justified.
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What words descirbes Brutus, Cassius, and Caesar?
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Honorable, Envious, and Ambitious repectivley.
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Where are Casca and Cassius going at the end of Act I?
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To see Brutus.
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Why does the writer leave gaps in the letter Lucius finds?
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He knows Brutus' doubts will fill the gaps more effectively than any words.
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What inferences can be drawn from the way Brutus interprets the letter?
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He is already convinced that Caesar's supreme power is unjust
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Why is the comparision of Caesar to a serpent's egg not valid?
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Only a snake can hatch from a snake's egg, but Caesar might be a good ruler.
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What is Bruutus' attitude toward the conspiracy?
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He has a distaste for the atmosphere of secrecy and cowwardliness, but acceptance of its end.
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Why does Brutus decide to go along with the conspirators?
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He fears Caesar will abuse his power and that the public opposes Caesar.
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Why does Antony befriend the conspirators?
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To protect himself and to position himself to speak at Caesar's funeral.
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Why does Brutus allow Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral?
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He thinks Antony's speech will not be effective if he speaks second.
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How does the reading of Caesar's will affect the people?
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It enrages them against the conspirators.
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How does Antony repeatedly refer to Brutus during the funeral oration.
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He refers to him as an honorable man
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Why is Antony's funeral speech so effective?
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He repeatedly states his faith in the assassin' motives while building his case against them
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What is the contrast between Brutus and Cassius' argument and Octavius and Antony's?
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Brutus and Cassius' argument is more emotional
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Why does Brutus delay telling Cassius of Portia's death?
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He does not want to seem vulnerable/
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How has Portia died?
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She killed herself, she stuck burning coals down her throat.
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What supernatural event occurs at the end of Act IV
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Caesar's ghost appears and speaks to Brutus.
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What does the ghost mean when he says to Brutus "Thou shalt see me at Philippi."
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He is predicting the death of Brutus.
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What happens during the parley between the leaders of the forces?
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The exchange insults.
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What does Brutus mean by "Caesar, now be still; / I killed not thee with half so good a will."
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He is more eager to dies than he was to kill Caesar.
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How does Antony's attitude toward Brutus change?
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He first sees Brutus as a villian, then as a hero.
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Who does Antony say is the noblest of them all?
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Brutus
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How does Octavius show his respect for Brutus?
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He decides to honor Brutus' corpse.
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On whose brithday does the battle take place, and how does this person feel about the battle?
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Cassius' brithday and he sees it as one of many bad omens.
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Explain the misunderstanding involving Titinius that leads to Cassius' death.
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Cassius sends Titinius on horse to some troops in the distance to find out if they are his troops or the enemy’s. Then Cassius tells Pindarus to climb the hill to watch Titinius and tell Cassius what he sees (Cassius says he doesn’t have good eye sight to look for himself). Pindarus sees Titinius being surrounded by men and pulled off his horse, so he thinks the enemy has taken him. In reality, the troops are on their side and they pulled Titinius off in celebration of a war victory there over Antony’s army. When Pindarus tells Cassius what he has seen, Cassius assumes that all is lost and has Pindarus kill him.
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Why does Brutus think it is time to die?
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Brutus says it is “time to die” because the victory of Antony and Octavius marks the end of Roman freedom.
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Who does Antony say is the noblest Roman of them all?
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Antony calls Brutus the nobles Roman of them all.
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What does Casssius mean in Act V, Scene i lines 45-47?
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Cassius means that Antony would not be able to speak such insults if Brutus had listened to Cassius advice to kill Antony along with Caesar.
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How and why does Antony's attitude towards Brutus change during Act V?
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At the beginning, Antony sees Brutus as a villain in his part in the assassination. After time, Antony realizes that Brutus was the only conspirator who killed out of an honest concern for the common good of Rome, not envy or power.
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Now that Octavius and Antony have triumphed, what do you think will become of the Roman Republic? Do you think this is a good or bad thing?
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History shows us that having the one ruling power ended the Roman republic and eventually the Roman Empire was also destroyed.
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List three effects of Caesar's death that occur in Act V. Explain the chain of events that lead to the final result.
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Because of Caesar’s death, there is civil war, Cassius and Brutus both die and Antony and Octavius come to rule Rome
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What is the immediate cause of Brutus' suicide? What will its effect be?
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Brutus commits suicide because he knew he was defeated. Surrender meant he would be led bound through the streets of Rome in disgrace. Because he killed himself he would have an honorable funeral. Also the war would end (that war).
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Find two passages that show Brutus is a noble man.
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You should be able to find lots of passages where others call Brutus noble. There are passages when he says things that show he is noble, also
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What are some of the errrors of the conspirators?
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1. Brutus joining the conspiracy in the first place.
2. Taking an oath 3. Not killing Antony 4. Not including Cicero (a good orator) in the conspiracy 5. Letting Antony speak to the people without being watched 6. Not making plans for running Rome 7. Marching to Philippi instead of letting Antony’s army come to them. 8. Sending all the army at once. 9. Cassius and Brutus arguing 10. Letting their soldiers loot others 11. Doing drastic things without being certain of the situation- misinterpretations. |
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What is the chief conflict?
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Between the conspirators (mainly Brutus) and Caesar's great power.
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When is the climax?
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During the final battle, right before Cassius and Brutus die.
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Replication
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Echo or copy
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Spare
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Healthy; lean
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Infirmity
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A physical weakness or ailment
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Surly
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In a proud commanding way
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Portentous
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Of the nature of or csnstituting a portent; foreboding
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Prodigious
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Impressively forceful
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Anon
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soon
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Betimes
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Right now
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Hence
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Away; from here
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Hie
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Hurry
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Hither
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Here
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Marry
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Indeed
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Prithee
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Polite request, please
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Sooth
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Truly
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Withal
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In addition; notwithstanding
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Wont
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Accustomed
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Augmented
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Made greater
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Entreated
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Begged
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Conspiracy
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Plot
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Resolution
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Determination
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Exploit
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Heroic or difficult deed
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Imminent
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About to happen
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Suit
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Desire for harm
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Spurn
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Rebellion
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Confounded
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Depraved
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Mutiny
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Speech for a formal occasion
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Malice
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petition
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Oration
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To speak at length
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Discourse
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Confused
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Vile
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Kick disdainfully; archaic
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Legacies
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Money, property, or position left in a will to someone
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Slanderous
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Damaging to a person's reptutation
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Covert
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Hidden, secret
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Chastisement
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Punishment, severe criticism
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Philosophy
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System of principles or beliefs
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First Globe Theatre burned down when? and how?
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1613, when a cannon fired in a performance of Henry VIII ignited the theatres thatched roof.
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When was William Shakespeare baptised and when did he die?
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April 26, 1564 - April 23, 1616
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When/Who did he marry?
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Anne Hathaway, November 28, 1582, he was 18 she was 26, and probably pregnant
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Children of Shakespeares?
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Susanna baptized May 26, 1583
Twins: Hamnet and Judith Baptized February 2. 1585 |
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WS's works comprised what?
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36 plays
154 Sonnets 2 Narrative Poems |
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Round Characters
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Many personality traits, real people
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Flat Characters
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One-dimensional, single triat
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Comic Relief
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Scene's that give the audience a moment's relief from the tragic plot
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Dramatic Foils (Character Foils)
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Characters who highlight or bring out the personality trait of another character through interaction and posssessing opposite personality traits
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Characters are revealed by:
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1. by what the character says (especially in soliloquies or asides because
they can lie to other characters) 2. by what others say about the character 3. and by what the character does (although some of the action can be left up to the discretion of the director of the play) |
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Nemesis
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Greek goddess of vengeance: nemesis means divine retribution or a just punishment for evil deeds (or due to tragic flaws, fate, or hamartia)
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Hamartia
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An error of judgment, made as the result of ignorance or human weakness that contributes to the downfall of a hero.
Hamartia is an action the character takes. It is the error, mistaken judgment or misstep that the hero takes which reverses fortunes. Part of the plot, not character |
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Hero
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-He is a person of high degree or public importance
- The heroes are often kings or military leaders; thus, their downfalls have great consequences, affecting the welfare of whole nations. - They cause their own downfalls: the calamities do not happen by accident, they result from the heroes all possessing a character flaw, called a tragic flaw [hamartia]. - The hero doesn’t usually fall alone. |
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Characteristic of Tragedies
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-The protagonist dies
-It arouses emotions of pity or fear or awe. -It is a story of exceptional calamity leading to the death of a person in high place. -The hero is generally high born and aware of the significance of the sin or error committed. -Man is held responsible for his mistakes. (Nemesis = just punishment) -We can usually find foreshadowing of the catastrophe in the first act of the play -the hero makes some mistake which will bring his undoing in the end. |
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Ides of March
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March 15
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Blank Verse
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Poetic unrhymed iambic pentameter (unaccented (unstressed) syllable is followed by and accented (stressed) syllable) Pentameter means five feet per line (foot is one set of in a pattern of accented and unaccented syllables, a foot is one iamb)
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Dramatic Speech: ASIDE
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a brief comment a character makes that reveals his or her thoughts
to the audience or another character. An aside is heard only by the audience or the character to whom it is directed. |
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Dramatic Speech: SOLILOQUY
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a longer speech in which a character speaks as if to himself or herself. (You may
remember Juliet's soliloquy from R & J). During a soliloquy, the speaker is usually alone onstage, but even if other characters are on stage, they do not hear the character speaking. Cassius’ speech in Act I, Scene ii, lines 308-322, is an example of a soliloquy. Remember that since a soliloquy is not intended to be heard by other characters, it is used to reveal the true thoughts and motives of that character. Characters can lie to each other, but they don’t lie in soliloquy. Shakespeare uses soliloquy to show us the real character! To understand a Shakespearean character’s motives and heart, look at what he says when alone. |
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Dramatic Speech: MONOLOGUE
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a long, uninterrupted speech by one character.
Antony's speech in this act, beginning with the famous "Friends, Romans, countrymen . . ." is an example of a monologue. This is a speech said so that others can hear it. |
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Types of Conflict
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Internal (Man verses himself, God)
External (Man verses Man, Man verses environment, society) |
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Who is the tragic hero in Julius Caesar?
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Julius Caesar
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Tragic Flaw
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the character defect that causes the downfall of the protagonist of a tragedy
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Coincidence
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a striking occurrence of two or more events at one time apparently by mere chance; accident
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Fate
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something that unavoidably befalls a person; fortune; lot
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Dramatic Irony
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irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play
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Theme
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(1) the abstract concept explored in a literary work; (2) frequently recurring ideas, such as enjoy-life while-you-can; (3) repetition of a meaningful element in a work, such as references to sight, vision, and blindness in Oedipus Rex. Sometimes the theme is also called the motif. Themes in Hamlet include the nature of filial duty and the dilemma of the idealist in a non-ideal situation. A theme in Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" is the difficulty of correlating the ideal and the real.
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Dramatic Purpose
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acting as if there is a reason behind what you are doing on stage.
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Suspense
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1. a conflict
2. precarious situation 3. an apparently insoluble problem 4. foreshadowing 5. a delay 6. a see-saw (back and forth action) 7. vigil (watching and waiting to see what happens) |
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Amiss
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Improper
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Base
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In a low position
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Countenance
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Support
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Cobbler
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A mender of shoes or a clumsy bungling worker
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Augurers
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officials who interpreted omens to decide if they were favorable or unfavorable for an undertaking.
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Couchings
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Low bowing and humble gestures of reverence
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Ere
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Before
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Hinder
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To delay
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Knave
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Tricky rascal, rogue
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Meet
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happening at the same time and place
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Misconstrue
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Misunderstood; misinterpretted
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Orator
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Public speaker
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Taper
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To reduce gradually
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