Endocrine System, Circulatory: Blood;heart

Front 1

The exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome (stress response) sets in only if protein reserves are depleted.

Back 1

False

Front 2

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) targets the

Back 2

kidneys

Front 3

The infundibulum is

Back 3

a projection of the hypothalamus from which the pituitary gland hangs

Front 4

The zona fasciculata in the adrenal gland secretes

Back 4

cortisol

Front 5

___ is not a steroid hormone

Back 5

Insulin

Front 6

The initial response to stress is called ____ and is mediated mainly by ___

Back 6

the alarm reaction; norepinephrine and epinephrine

Front 7

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

Back 7

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion.

Front 8

Growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion causes gigantism when it begins in childhood, but it is more likely to cause ___ when it begins in adulthood.

Back 8

acromegaly

Front 9

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by the following except

Back 9

hypoglycemia.

Front 10

Hormones serve as intracellular messengers

Back 10

False

Front 11

Cholesterol is essential for the synthesis of steroid hormones.

Back 11

True

Front 12

Prostaglandins are considered paracrines.

Back 12

True

Front 13

This hormone plays an important role in synchronizing physiological function with the cycle of daylight and darkness.

Back 13

melatonin

Front 14

The ___ secretes a hormone that increases the body's metabolic rate, promotes alertness and quickens reflexes, and stimulates the fetal nervous system

Back 14

thyroid gland

Front 15

T4 and T3 are _____ hormones that are mainly transported _____ in the blood.

Back 15

monoamine; bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)

Front 16

Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect.

Back 16

True

Front 17

The nervous system reacts to stimuli _____ compared to the endocrine system, adapts _____ compared to the endocrine system, and has _____ effects compared to the endocrine system.

Back 17

quickly; quickly; specific

Front 18

__ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology.

Back 18

Paracrines

Front 19

___ has more target cells in the body than any of the others.

Back 19

Growth hormone (GH)

Front 20

The ___ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.

Back 20

parathyroid glands

Front 21

The ___ secrete(s) ___, which promotes Na+ and water retention.

Back 21

adrenal cortex; aldosterone

Front 22

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete

Back 22

glucagon, which raises blood glucose.

Front 23

This gland has both endocrine and exocrine function.

Back 23

the ovary

Front 24

Thyroid hormone has a calorigenic effect.

Back 24

True

Front 25

The nervous system reacts to stimuli _____ compared to the endocrine system, adapts _____ compared to the endocrine system, and has _____ effects compared to the endocrine system.

Back 25

quickly; quickly; specific

Front 26

Many hours after a meal, alpha (α) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete

Back 26

glucagon, which raises blood glucose.

Front 27

Absence of iodine in the diet leads to

Back 27

hypothyroidism.

Front 28

Aspirin and ibuprofen block

Back 28

the action of cyclooxygenase.

Front 29

Testosterone is a gonadotropin.

Back 29

False

Front 30

Many effects of growth hormone are mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) secreted by the pancreas.

Back 30

False

Front 31

The ___ is not an endocrine gland but it has a role in endocrine function.

Back 31

kidney

Front 32

What makes a cell a target of a particular hormone?

Back 32

the presence of a receptor for that particular hormone

Front 33

The neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary) secrets

Back 33

oxytocin (OT).

Front 34

These are all hypothalamic hormones except

Back 34

luteinizing hormone (LH).

Front 35

Negative feedback inhibition occurs when

Back 35

thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary.

Front 36

Even a small quantity of hormone can have a strong effect on its target cell because of

Back 36

enzyme amplification.

Front 37

Diabetes insipidus is caused by

Back 37

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) hyposecretion.

Front 38

Hemostasis is the production of formed elements of blood.

Back 38

False

Front 39

Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

Back 39

True

Front 40

After a wound is sealed, tissue repair is followed by fibrinolysis.

Back 40

True

Front 41

_____________ is not found in plasma.

Back 41

Glycogen

Front 42

Circulating WBCs spend most of their lives in the bloodstream.

Back 42

False

Front 43

Clotting deficiency can result from thrombocytopenia or hemophilia.

Back 43

True

Front 44

___________ is a protein not commonly found in plasma.

Back 44

Hemoglobin

Front 45

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and serve to

Back 45

transport carbon dioxide.

Front 46

Most oxygen is transported bound to

Back 46

heme groups in hemoglobin.

Front 47

An increased erythropoietin (EPO) output by the kidneys would lead to all of the following except

Back 47

increased hypoxemia.

Front 48

Differential count of ______________ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

Back 48

neutrophils

Front 49

All these can lead to polycythemia except

Back 49

iron deficiency.

Front 50

Leukopoiesis begins with the differentiation of

Back 50

pluripotent stem cells (PPSCs).

Front 51

All these can cause leukopenia except

Back 51

dehydration.

Front 52

Myeloid hemopoiesis in adults happens in the

Back 52

red bone marrow.

Front 53

What is the final product of the breakdown of the organic nonprotein moiety of hemoglobin?

Back 53

bilirubin

Front 54

When a clot is no longer needed, fibrin is dissolved by

Back 54

plasmin.

Front 55

All of these prevent the spontaneous formation of a clot except

Back 55

the presence of tissue thromboplastin.

Front 56

The structural framework of the blood clot is formed by

Back 56

a fibrin polymer.

Front 57

Coagulation starts with a vascular spasm and ends with the formation of a platelet plug.

Back 57

False

Front 58

Many RBCs die in the

Back 58

spleen and liver.

Front 59

Most clotting factors are synthesized in the

Back 59

liver.

Front 60

The ________________ performs the work of the heart.

Back 60

myocardium

Front 61

Atrial depolarization begins during

Back 61

the P wave.

Front 62

Oxygen-poor blood passes through

Back 62

the right AV (tricuspid) valve and pulmonary valve.

Front 63

The long plateau in the action potential observed in cardiocytes is probably related with _____________ staying longer in their cytosol.

Back 63

Ca2+

Front 64

The long absolute refractory period

Back 64

prevents tetanus.

Front 65

The systemic circuit contains oxygen-rich blood only.

Back 65

False

Front 66

The fibrous skeleton of the heart serves as electrical insulation between the atria and the ventricles.

Back 66

True

Front 67

Blood in the heart chambers provides most of the myocardium's oxygen and nutrient needs.

Back 67

False

Front 68

Parasympathetic stimulation reduces heart rate.

Back 68

True

Front 69

Cardiac muscle can only use glucose as a source of organic fuel.

Back 69

False

Front 70

If the SA node is damaged, nodal rhythm is sufficient to sustain life.

Back 70

True

Front 71

Atrial systole begins

Back 71

immediately after the P wave.

Front 72

Isovolumetric contraction occurs during the _________ of the electrocardiogram.

Back 72

R wave

Front 73

the _____ branch of the left coronary artery travels down to the apex of the heart

Back 73

anterior interventricular

Front 74

The cardiocytes are described as ____ because individual cells can depolarize on their own without outside stimulation

Back 74

autorhythmic

Front 75

an arterial ____ is a convergence of two arteries

Back 75

anastomosis

Front 76

the right _____ artery is the branch of the right coronary artery that runs toward the apex, supplying blood to the lateral right atrium and ventricle

Back 76

marginal

Front 77

the group of cells located in the right atrium that act as a pacemaker for the heart is called the

Back 77

sinoatrial node

Front 78

the groove that encircles the heart near its base separating the atria from the ventricles is the ____ sulcus

Back 78

coronary

Front 79

The group of autorhythmic cells in the interatrial septum of the heart that relays excitation from the atria to the ventricles is known as the

Back 79

atrioventricular node

Front 80

the names of nervelike processes that distribute the electrical signals throughout the ventricles are the

Back 80

perkinje fibers

Front 81

the name of the internal ridges of myocardium found in the right atrium and auricle are the

Back 81

pectinate muscles

Front 82

the left _____ vein is the blood vessel that collects venous drainage from the apex and the left aspect of the heart

Back 82

marginal

Front 83

the electrolyte ____ has the greatest chronotrophic (heart rate) effect on the heart. An imbalance in this electrolyte is a medical emergency

Back 83

potassium

Front 84

Hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) reduces the strength of myocardial action potentials, thus reducing the release of clacium; therefore this condition will ____ contractility

Back 84

decrease

Front 85

Factors that are "negative inotropic agents will cause

Back 85

decreased contractility

Front 86

impulse conduction through the cardiac conduction system is slowest through the _____, allowing a pause between atrial contraction and ventricular contraction

Back 86

av node

Front 87

the percentage of the end-diastolic volume that is ejected from the ventricle per contraction is the

Back 87

ejection fraction

Front 88

______ antagonizes the action of parathyroid hormone and stimulates osteoblast activity, thus promoting calcium deposition and bone formation

Back 88

calcitonin

Front 89

PIH

Back 89

PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE

Front 90

______ is an enzyme secreted by the kidneys in response to hypotension that converts the plasma protein angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, leading indirectly to a rise in blood pressure

Back 90

Renin

Front 91

This hormone promotes secretion of follicle-stimulating gormone and luteinizing hormone

Back 91

GnRH

Front 92

angiotensingen is secreted by the

Back 92

liver

Front 93

thyroid hormones

Back 93

T3, T4