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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Grave's Disease |
autoimmune disease causes hypersecretion of thyroid hormones |
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estrogen and testosterone |
major sex hormones |
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Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) |
secreted in response to underhydration |
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Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) |
hormone released by parathyroid to increase Ca+ absorption; goes to kidneys; increases osteoclasts and inhibits osteoblasts |
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Pituitary Gland |
Gland in sella turcica |
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Type I Diabetes |
Diabetes type caused by lack of insulin production |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
Causes release of thyroid hormones T3 and T4 |
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Thyroid Gland |
Butterfly-shaped gland |
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Adipocytes |
Secretes leptin that controls appetite |
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Insulin |
Hormone causes fat to be stored |
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Anterior Lobe |
Portion of pituitary gland that released melanocyte stimulating hormone |
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Posterior Pituitary |
Aka neurohypothesis |
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Cortisol (long term), Epinephrine (short term) |
Released in response to stress |
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Pituitary Gland |
Disorder in this gland leads to diabetes insipidus |
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Alpha Cells |
Glucagon is produced by these cells |
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Beta Cells |
Insulin is produced by these cells |
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Growth Hormone (GH) |
Gigantism is caused by an oversecretion of |
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Glucagon |
Hormone that increases blood sugar |
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ANH/ANP atrial natriuretic hormone |
Hormone released by the heart (lowers BP) |
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Erythropoietin (EPO) |
Hormone signals to bone marrow to produce more red blood cells |
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Hypothyroidism |
Decreased metabolism and weight gain |
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Pancreatic Islets |
Where alpha and beta cells are found |
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Epinephrine |
Hormone often released at the same time as glucagon (angry!) |
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Direct Communication |
cell to cell |
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Paracrine Communication |
Within one tissue. ie pancreas |
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Autocrine Communication |
Cell talking to itself. ie smooth cells of digestive system |
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Endocrine Communication |
sends hormones across the body |
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Glucagon and Insulin |
controls energy balance |
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Amino acid, peptide, and lipid derivitives |
Classes of hormones |
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Amino Acid Derivitives |
tyrosine derivitives; building block for protein; ex. adrenaline |
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Peptide Hormones |
Chain of amino acids, form proteins. ex. oxytocin for smooth muscle contraction |
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Lipid Derivitives |
Steroid hormones (cholesterol and reproduction estrogen/testosterone) or Eicosanoids (fat/oil) |
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Protein synthesis, membrane permeability, genetic activity |
hormones alter |
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Humoral Stimulus |
body measures fluid to determine if hormones need to release (pancreas) |
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Hormonal Stimulus |
cascade effect, 1 hormone triggers multiple (TSH) |
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Neural Stimulus |
neurons signal glands (adrenaline) |
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ADH and Oxytocin |
posterior pituitary hormones |
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Oxytocin |
Causes smooth muscle contraction, positive feedback loop during delivery, nourishment of infants through milk ejection, adrenaline inhibits oxytocin |
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Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) |
causes thyroid gland to release hormones; increases metabolism; cascade |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) |
Increase in secretion leads to release of cortisol by the cortex |
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Addison's Disease |
Adrenal cortex unresponsive and doesn't produce enough cortisol; leads to an increase in ACTH |
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Cushing's Disease |
Tumor in anterior pituitary; increase in ACTH and cortisol; abdomen is large as a result |
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Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) |
reproductive, impacts follicles in males and females, where ovocytes and causes cells to mature |
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH) |
causes ovulation, triggers egg to be released; triggers release of cells to increase testosterone |
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Prolactin (PRL) |
produces milk |
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Growth Hormone (GH) |
increases membrane permeability, widespread growth of cells in the body; can resuly in gigantism and acromaglia; can be a carcinogen |
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Melanocyte Stimulting Hormone (MSH) |
skin tone (minor), causes linea nigra in pregnant women |
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Calcitonin |
increases bone growth, delivers calcium to bones, inhibits osteoclasts; produced by thyroid gland |
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Thyroid Gland |
produces T3, T4, and calcitonin |
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Parathyroid Gland |
parathyroid hormone (PTH), increases osteoclast activity and inhibits osteoblasts |
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Alpha and Beta Cells |
Alpha releases glucagon, Beta releases insulin |
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Type I Diabetes |
Beta cells can't fx, high blood sugar is corrosive to tissues as it cuts vessels |
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Type II Diabetes |
B cells are fine but all cells become desensitized to insulin; cells can't "hear" insulin; not genetic |
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Epinephrine (fight or flight); Norepinephrine (neurotransmitter) |
Medulla Hormones |
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Aldosterone- decreases Na loss, goes to kidneys. Cortisol- stress hormone, released over longer periods of time under chronic stress. |
Cortex Hormones |
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Pineal Gland |
attached to epithalamus; secretes melatonin (sleepy hormone) |
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Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome |
No testosterone receptors, high testosterone levels |
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Hungry Hormones |
adrenaline and glucagon released when sugar levels are low |
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Oxytocin |
Hormone that induces labor |
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Growth Hormone |
increases amino acid uptake in cells |
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pancreas and adrenal glands |
Glands found in the abd |
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Humoral control |
when ions or molecules in the bld stimulate release of a hormone |
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FSH and LH |
hormones affecting gonads |
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acromegaly |
increase in GH after growing years will cause |
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Most body cells |
target organ of thyroxine? |
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Thyroid gland |
where is calcitonin produced? |
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calcitonin |
Parathyroid hormone is antagonistic to |
