Emt-B Chapter 13

Front 1

Another name for the brainstem

Back 1

The reptilian brain

Front 2

The three meninges

Back 2

Pia, dura, arachnid

Front 3

Mnemonic for remembering the Cincinnati stroke scale

Back 3

FAST = face; arms; speech; time

Front 4

Mnemonic for remembering the Glasgow scale

Back 4

EVM = extra value meal = eyes; voice; motor

Front 5

Absence seizure

Back 5

Seizure that may be characterized by a brief lapse of attention in which the patient may stare and does not respond. Also known as petite mall seizure

Front 6

Aphasia

Back 6

The inability to understand or produce speech

Front 7

Arterial rupture

Back 7

Rupture of a cerebral artery that may contribute to interruption of cerebral blood flow

Front 8

Atherosclerosis

Back 8

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium buildup inside the walls of blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to partial or complete blockage of blood flow; lack of this type can also become a state where blood clots can form, break up, and am glad elsewhere in the circulation.

Front 9

Aura

Back 9

A sensation experienced heart procedure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur

Front 10

Cerebral embolism

Back 10

Extraction of a cerebral artery caused by clots that was formed elsewhere in the body and travel to the brain.

Front 11

Cerebral vascular accident

Back 11

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function

Front 12

Coma

Back 12

A state of unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused

Front 13

Coup-countercoup brain injury

Back 13

A brain injury that occurs when force is applied to the head and energy transmission through brain tissue causes injury on the opposite side of the original impact

Front 14

dysarthira

Back 14

The inability to pronounce speech clearly, often due to loss of the nerves or brain cells that control the small muscles larynx.

Front 15

Expressive aphasia

Back 15

A speech disorder in which a person can understand what is being said, but cannot produce the right sounds in order to speak properly

Front 16

febrile seizures

Back 16

Convulsions that result from sudden high fevers, particularly in children

Front 17

Generalized seizure

Back 17

Future characterized by severe twitching of all the body's muscles that may last several minutes or more; also known as a grand mal seizure

Front 18

hemiparesis

Back 18

Weakness on one side of the body

Front 19

Hemorrhagic stroke

Back 19

One of the two main types of stroke; occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain

Front 20

Hypoglycemia

Back 20

A condition characterized by low blood glucose levels

Front 21

Incontinence

Back 21

Loss of balance blood control due to a generalized seizure

Front 22

Infarcted cells

Back 22

Cells in the brain that dives result of loss of blood flow to the brain

Front 23

Ischemia

Back 23

A lack of oxygen in the cells of the brain that cause them not to function properly

Front 24

ischemic stroke

Back 24

One of the two main types of stroke; occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage inside a blood vessel.

Front 25

postictal state

Back 25

period Following a seizure that last between five and 30 minutes, characterized by labored respiration and some degree of altered mental status

Front 26

Receptive aphasia

Back 26

A speech disorder which a person has trouble understanding speech was able to speak clearly

Front 27

Seizure

Back 27

Generalized uncoordinated muscular activity associated with loss of consciousness; a convulsion

Front 28

Status epilepticus

Back 28

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes, or last more than 30 minutes.

Front 29

Stroke

Back 29

A loss of brain function in certain brain cells that do not get enough oxygen during the CVA. Usually caused by the structure of the blood vessels in the brain that the oxygen to those brain cells

Front 30

Thrombosis

Back 30

Clotting of the cerebral arteries that may result in interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke

Front 31

tonic-clonic

Back 31

A type of seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness

Front 32

Transient ischemic attack

Back 32

A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop working because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset

Front 33

What are the top three leading causes of death in the United States in order?

Back 33

Heart disease, cancer, stroke

Front 34

What does AMS stand for

Back 34

Altered mental status

Front 35

Define the mnemonic "tips on the vowels"

Back 35

TIPS AEIOU= trauma; infection; psychogenic causes; the seizure, syncope; alcohol; electrolytes; insulin; opiates; uremia

Front 36

Frontal lobe

Back 36

From part of the brain, controls emotion and thought

Front 37

Patients who are at high risk for hemorrhagic stroke

Back 37

Very high blood pressure or long-term elevated blood pressure that is not treated

Front 38

Aneurysms

Back 38

Swelling or enlargement of part of an artery, resulting from weakness of the arterial wall.

Front 39

A berry aneurysm

Back 39

Tiny balloon that jut out from the artery

Front 40

The three conditions that may mimic a stroke

Back 40

Hypoglycemia; a postictal state; subdural or epidural bleeding

Front 41

Dura

Back 41

A leathery covering over the brink, next to the skull.

Front 42

On which side should you place a stroke patient with paralyzation

Back 42

On the paralyzed side

Front 43

When alterations should be made to the recovery position for stroke patient

Back 43

The patient's head should be elevated about 6 inches to maximize drainage of secretions

Front 44

What are the three things that you look for on the Cincinnati stroke scale

Back 44

Facial droop; arm drift; speech

Front 45

Computed tomography

Back 45

A type of scan/x-ray on which blood can be seen

Front 46

Characteristics of an absence seizure

Back 46

Lip smacking, I blinking, or isolated convulsions or jerking of the body.

Front 47

Medications that control seizures

Back 47

phenytoin, phenobarbital, or carbamazepine

Front 48

Define seizures with a structural cause

Back 48

Seizures that are caused by an area of abnormality in the brain, such as a benign or cancerous tumor, an infection, or scar tissue.

Front 49

Define seizures, metabolic cause

Back 49

Abnormal levels of certain blood chemicals, hypoglycemia, poisons, drug overdoses, or sudden withdrawal from routine heavy alcohol or sedative drug usage, or even prescribed medications.

Front 50

Some things you should consider if a patient in a postictal state refuses transport?

Back 50

1. Is the patient awake and completely oriented after a seizure? 2. Does your assessment revealed no indication of trauma or publications from the seizure. 3. If the patient never had a seizure before. 4. With this feature the usual seizure in every way. Number five. Patient currently being treated with medications and receiving regular evaluations by physician

Front 51

Special questions it to include documentation for seizure

Back 51

The description of the episode with bikes in the comments especially if they witnessed the patient seizing. Document the onset and duration of theater. The patient knows her express noticing an aura?

Front 52

Various causes of altered mental status

Back 52

Hypoglycemia; hypoxemia; intoxication; drug overdose; unrecognized head injury; brain infection; body temperature abnormalities; brain tumors; glandular abnormalities; overdoses/poisonings