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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define dysrhythmia.
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Any deviation in the heart rate or rhythm from normal.
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What is the P-P Interval?
What is the R-R Interval? |
The distance between consecutive P waves.
The distance between consecutive QRS complexes. Each interval should be equal. |
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What single rhythm is considered Normal?
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The sinus rhythm.
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How to assess atrial regularity?
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Analyze the P-P Interval. No more than 0.04 seconds difference.
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How to access ventricular regularity?
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Analyze R-R Interval.
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In a regular rhythm what should exist before each QRS complex?
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A P wave.
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What method is a quick & simple way to determine regularity?
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The paper & pen method.
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What are the different methods of determining regularity?
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1. Paper & Pen Method
2. Caliper Method 3. Counting the Small Squares Method 4. Rate Calculator Method |
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What are the types of irregularity?
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1. Occasionally or Very Irregular
2. Slightly Irregular 3. Sudden Changes in Heart Rate Irregularity 4. Irregularly (Total) Irregular 5. Patterned Irregularity 6. Varying Conduction Ratios Irregularity |
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What is an occasional irregular rhythm?
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A rhythm that appears mostly regular, but with areas of irregularity.
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Why determine irregularity on rhythms?
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To help determine what dysrhythmia might be present.
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Why do occasional irregular rhythms occur?
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Due to early beats or pauses in or arrests of the impulses arising from the SA node.
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What are early beats?
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Impulses that occur earlier then normal. The beat fires before the SA node initiates the impulse.
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From where can early beats arise?
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From any cell of the heart, ex.
A) atria B) AV junction all tissue C) ventricles. |
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In an early beat is the R-R interval shorter or longer then in a normal interval?
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Shorter
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If an early beat occurs a few times/minute it's called.
If a number of early beats occur its |
Occasionally irregular.
Very or frequently irregular. |
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What is pause or arrest of the SA node?
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When the SA node fails to initiate an impulse.
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How do yo recognize pause/arrest of SA node?
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Normal rhythm then suddenly an absence of P wave, QRS complex, and T wave.
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What is the prominent characteristic of SA node pause? and what can frequent pauses cause?
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Longer then normal R-R Interval.
Bradycardia and reduced cardiac output. |
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What is a Slightly Irregular heart rate?
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A slight variance in P-P & R-R intervals that are continuous throughout the tracing.
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When do slightly irregular rhythms occur?
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Instead of the impulse arising from the SA node, the heart beats or pacemaker sites shift from place to place throughout the atria.
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What is a dysrhythmia that has a sudden, rapid onset and resolution?
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A paroxysmal.
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What is an irregularity caused by sudden changes in heart rate?
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When the heart rate suddenly speeds up or slows down.
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What happens with sudden rapid acceleration of the heart rate?
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An ectopic site from above the ventricles fires rapidly and takes over as pacemaker.
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What is Irregularly Irregular heart rate?
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There is no consistency to the irregularity. The rate is chaotic and hard to find an R-R Interval.
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What are the characteristics of Irregularly Irregular?
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1. Atria fires at rate in excess of 350 bpm.
2. Only some impulses are conducted thru AV node. 3. Complete lack of consistency btw R waves. |
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Describe Patterned Irregularity.
And name the types |
A repeated irregularity repeats over & over in a cyclic fashion a premature beat.
1. Early beats at regular intervals 2. AV node conduction blockage (dropped beat) |
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What is bigeminy?
What is trigeminy? What is quadrigeminy? |
Early beats occur every second complex.
Early beats occur every third complex. Early beats occur every fourth complex. |
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What happens with a dropped beat?
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AV node is weakened and fails to conduct impulse through ventricles.
Longer R-R Intervals No QRS complex |
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What causes an early beat in patterned irregularity?
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A cyclic speeding up and slowing down of heart rate.
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What is the conduction ratio?
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The number of atrial waveforms (P waves) to ventricular waveforms (QRS complexes).
Normally 1:1 |
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What happens I with varying conduction ratios?
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The distance btw R-R intervals changes. The number of atrial impulses (P waves) to ventricular conduction ratios (QRS complex) changes.
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