Eeg - Neuro Physio

Front 1

What are the parts of the Neuron?

Back 1

Soma- cell body- Dendrites- Axon

Front 2

What is the role of the Dendrites?

Back 2

receive information from other neurons

Front 3

What is the Role of the axon?

Back 3

Send information to other neurons

Front 4

What is the axon hillock?

Back 4

The place where the axon connects to the cell body

Front 5

What is the myelin sheath?

Back 5

Covering substance of a neuron - causes neurve impulse to travel rapidly down a neuron.

Front 6

What are the nodes of ranvier?

Back 6

Gaps in the myelin on axon

Front 7

What is an action potential?

Back 7

Neurons communicate via a membrane excitability process known as an action potential or nerve impulse

Front 8

Where are incoming signals from other neurons held?

Back 8

The axon hillock

Front 9

What is propagation?

Back 9

Movement of an action potential along an axon after stimulation of membrane potential

Front 10

What is saltatory conduction?

Back 10

Rapid conduction of an action potential

Front 11

What are telodendria?

Back 11

One of several filaments of an axon at it's terminal point

Front 12

What is the Bouton?

Back 12

Also called the synaptic knob - distal end of each filament and holds the vesicles filled with neurotransmitter

Front 13

What is neurotransmitter?

Back 13

Flow of this substance converts the electrical signal into a chemical one

Front 14

What is the Synapse?

Back 14

Also called the Synaptic Cleft - the gap between two neurons

Front 15

What is the presynaptic membrane?

Back 15

Cell membrane of the sending axon

Front 16

What is the postsynaptic membrane?

Back 16

Cell membrane (usually dendrite) receiving the coded message

Front 17

What is synaptic potential?

Back 17

The composition of the chemical signal and it's binding to the postsynaptic membrane determines whether the information serves to depolarize or hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane

Front 18

What are graded potentials?

Back 18

brief local changes in membrane potential that occur in neuronal dendrites and cell bodies

Front 19

In graded potential- what determines the amplitude representing change in membrane potential?

Back 19

The amplitude is directly proportional to stimulus- the larger the stimulus the greater the amplitude

Front 20

What is the purpose of a graded potential?

Back 20

Drive the axon hillock to threshold membrane potential so that an action potential is generated

Front 21

What is threshold on a neuron?

Back 21

A membrane potential at the axon hillock (trigger zone) at which action potentials become self-propagating (self-generating)

Front 22

What is a local process?

Back 22

A single input potential that is insufficent to produce an action potential

Front 23

What is summation of potentials?

Back 23

Numerous local potentials collected at the axon hillock which will sufficiently produce an action potential.

Front 24

What is the all-or-non principle?

Back 24

Neurons are sufficiently stimulated to produce and action potential or not stimulated enough - no partial firing.

Front 25

What is resting potential?

Back 25

When at rest- the membrane is -65mV

Front 26

What is the charge outside of the neuron?

Back 26

positve

Front 27

What is the charge inside of the neuron body?

Back 27

Negative

Front 28

What regulates the balance of charges inside and outside the cell

Back 28

Sodium potassium pump

Front 29

What causes depolarization?

Back 29

Reduction in the negative charge inside the neuron by flow of positivly charged ions such as Na (sodium)

Front 30

What is hyperpolarization?

Back 30

increase in the negative charge inside the neuron by flow of positively charged ions like potassium outside of the neuron (efflux) or flow of negatively charged ions inside the neuron (influx)

Front 31

What are Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential (EPSP)

Back 31

A depolarized graded potential that drives the membrane potential towards the threshold and excited the neuron

Front 32

What are Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials? (IPSP)

Back 32

A hyperpolarized graded potential that drives the membrane potential AWAY from threshold and inhibits the neuron

Front 33

What is the absolute refractory period?

Back 33

Time while the action potential is occuring when the neuron cannot respond to another stimulus no matter how great the stimulus is.

Front 34

What is the relative refractory period?

Back 34

Time after the action potential has occurred when the neuron experience increased excitability and fewer inputs are needed to make the neuron fire again.

Front 35

What causes the EEG signal?

Back 35

Recording of cortically summated excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal cells oriented at right angels to the plane of the scalp surface.