Stimulus Artifact Essay

Improved Essays
Stimulus artifact is a signal that is produced due to an electric pulse present between two electrodes, which is recorded using the cathode ray oscilloscope (Johnson and Byrne, 2003). As the stimulus intensity begins to increase, the stimulus artifact also increases (Johnson and Byrne, 2003). Thus, the change in stimulus artifact allows the compound action potential (CAP) to appear (Johnson and Byrne, 2003). As it can be seen in the figures there’s a delay in time between the stimulus artifact and CAP, this is the reflection time that CAP takes to move from the initial site at the stimulating electrodes to the recording electrodes (Johnson and Byrne, 2003).

CAP, which is a response that had occurred from a graded external action potential
…show more content…
This was due to the fact that since the outside of the cell membrane is positively charged and the inside is negatively charged so an increase in permeability of sodium will result in the reversal of the polarity of the cell (Pispati, 2001). Thus, the circuit current flow will occur between the resisting membrane and depolarized region (Pispati, 2001). Due to this the positive charged ions will flow into the depolarized region and evacuate through the resting membrane (Pispati, …show more content…
As shown in figure 6, the absolute refractory period of the sciatic nerve was measured at 1.48 ms. This type of period occurs when the second stimulus of the action potential does not release another action potential due to the strength (Pispati,2001). Therefore, the nerve is nonresponsive to the second stimulus (Pispati,2001). This is due to the ceasing of the sodium channel at the action potential peak (Pispati,2001). The action potential will not occur until the channel opens. (Pispati,2001). Therefore, this is the period where an electrical stimulus will not elicit an action potential due to the fact that the membrane has not been fully repolarized as well as the recovering of the sodium channel has not happened. By comprising absolute refractory period, the total refractory period can be determined, 3.88 ms. This is the refractory where the second CAP has reached its maximum amplitude. Using the two periods the relative refractory can be determined which requires a bigger stimulus. (Sigg et al, 2010). In this period the second CAP released will causes the stimulus strength to be larger than the threshold (Sigg et al, 2010). Therefore, the sodium channels remain inactive, however bigger amount of potassium channels will open (Sigg et al, 2010). Since the membrane potential is near the K+ equilibrium potential and more distant from the

Related Documents

  • Improved Essays

    Essay On Potential Cueing

    • 610 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Spatial Cueing Basic Questions 1. Does visual attention always follow a person’s eye movements? Explain. No, it does not always follow a person’s eye movements because some people are trained to use their peripheral vision rather than their spatial.…

    • 610 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Once the cell begins to hyperpolarize, sodium channels open up and allow sodium ions to flood into the membrane. Once the concentration of sodium ions have been let in, the sodium channel is inactivated. Once the inactivation gate is closed, potassium channels open up so the cell can depolarize. This action allows the cell to restore itself to resting membrane potential. The sodium channels then become closed, and the process is restarted and an action potential has been fully propagated.…

    • 1100 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In all of my time of attending Homedale Middle School, I have witnessed many groups of students more increasingly each year. I supposed that each year I become more aware and observant of the life around me--specifically, others’ lives. Some cliques I see only outside, playing football or staying far out into the fields. But others I see every day, chatting in class, eating together at lunch, or even rough-housing in the hallways between periods, which causes chaos for everyone else and blocks our path to class. Even though this is the case, it is easier to identify certain types of groups at lunch.…

    • 1066 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    This year the sixth grade students boarded the plane to Middle School. For the first time, the sixth grade students had to be able to do many things that they were not used to doing in fifth grade back in Elementary School. Some of those things include being able to open a combination lock, being able to get to classes on time with a four minute passing period, and they had to manage nine different classes throughout the entire school day. Also, the sixth graders did some really exciting things this year such as mummifying a chicken in Social Studies. Throughout the school year the school held a couple pf parties for just the sixth grade students to enjoy.…

    • 200 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Great Essays

    Neuropathic Pain

    • 1555 Words
    • 7 Pages

    Neuropathic pain whether based on an injury or a result of a form of dysfunction from the nervous system is still a condition which better treatment options are still being researched. Neuropathic pain can even be divided further into peripheral and central neuropathic pain. While peripheral pain may result from a disease, a more central neuropathic pain may result from damage to brain or spinal cord. [] Despite numerous medications in the market and therapy treatments which patients endure, neuropathic pain remains a formidable opponent. Areas of clinical research today that work with neuropathic pain, has focus in areas which include use of ion modulators.…

    • 1555 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    It allowed for an understanding of muscle fatigue. Intervals of 10 seconds were recorded and observed until the maximum force was fully decreased by 50%. During muscle relaxation, the muscle activity increases slightly. The muscle will be waiting in a relaxed but flaccid state, waiting for the next contraction. The electrical activity (also known as the motor unit recruitment) will increase within the muscles that are contracted with each stronger contraction.…

    • 1681 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Unit 4 The Brain Analysis

    • 2375 Words
    • 10 Pages

    Unit 4 – Fiona Bennett Brain Science In this unit I will be investigating the structure of the brain. The human brain is responsible for everything that happens in our bodies. On average the brain weighs 1.5 kilograms. It is one the most complex organs in the human body.…

    • 2375 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Achilles Tendon Light Tap

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The mean reflex conduction time for Achilles tendon light tap was 48.1ms, for Achilles tendon medium tap it was 125.25ms, and for Achilles tendon heavy was 167.5ms. The Reflex conduction velocity was calculated to be 28.15m/s for Achilles tendon light tap, 10.74m/s for Achilles tendon medium tap, and 8.02m/s for Achilles tendon heavy tap. According to the literature (Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 6th Ed pg. 339) the Achilles tendon light tap was 28.15m/s which was in the range between 12-30m/s which shows that it is associated with cold, fast pain and mechanical stimuli, this also shows that the fibre is small and myelinated. Fast pain is sharp and localized sensory information which is then transmitted to the central nervous system…

    • 402 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    An inverting electrode placed on the tympanic membrane of participants and a high intensity click rate of 115 dB sSPL was utilized to measure ABRs from 10 to 500 Hertz (Burkard & Sims, 2001). A combination of a conventional technique and a cross-correlation maximum length sequences (MLSs) technique was utilized to measure ABR responses at 11, 25, 50, and 75 Hertz and 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 Hertz, respectively (Burkard & Sims, 2001). Two responses of condensation and rarefaction click polarities were recorded for both techniques. The click rate repetitions for the conventional and MLS techniques were utilized to label Waves I and…

    • 816 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    My Artifact Analysis

    • 298 Words
    • 2 Pages

    The artifacts in my life make up who I am. One artifact from my life is my afghan. My afghan was made by my grandmother. It was given to me when I was eight years old and I still use it to this day. It is important to me because I know she spent a long time and effort making it so it would be perfect for me.…

    • 298 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Since I was in the neighborhood, I decided to visit Cal Poly. Since this school is a College more engineered towards technology and engineering, I doubt that I’d want to go here. However, so as to finish my homework assignment, I decided that it was now or never. Being more into the medical field, I didn’t really know where I’d begin my tour. Thus, I started with the place that I deemed most fun: the performing arts center.…

    • 692 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    c. Compare the apical and radial pulse rates. d. Palpate the quality of the peripheral pulses. ANS: B…

    • 3242 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Improved Essays

    What Is All-Or-None Law?

    • 238 Words
    • 1 Pages

    However, if the stimulus doesn’t reach the required threshold, there won't be a response. Simply put, either no response will occur, or a full one will. There is no level between the two.…

    • 238 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Decent Essays

    Afib Case Study

    • 233 Words
    • 1 Pages

    During this time the AV node is bombarded with impulses at up to 300bpm. Thankfully, the AV node will not allow this kind of conduction. After depolarization repolarization must occur before the AV node can accept another impulse. However, the increased elctrocal signals to the AV node will cause the ventricles to beat irregularly and…

    • 233 Words
    • 1 Pages
    Decent Essays
  • Decent Essays

    When the neuron is in a resting state with -70mV, there is a great amount of potassium ions inside the cell, and a plethora of sodium ions outside the cell. For something to initiate an action potential, there must be a certain stimulus or impulse. This stimulus would cause voltage-gated sodium channels to open. As sodium flows into the neuron, it must…

    • 429 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Decent Essays

Related Topics