Ecpi - Cis 206 - Linux/unix - Midterm Study Guide

Front 1

/

Back 1

The root directory, which is designated by a forward slash ( / ), is the top-level directory in the hierarchy of directories (also referred to as the directory tree) on Unix-like operating systems. That is, it is the directory that contains all other directories and their subdirectories as well as all files on the system

Front 2

/bin

Back 2

/bin is by default in PATH, which is the list of directories that the system searches for the corresponding program when a command is issued. This means that any executable file (i.e., runnable program) in /bin can be run just by entering the file name at the command line and then pressing the ENTER key. The contents of PATH can be seen by using the echo command as follows:

Front 3

/usr

Back 3

/usr is shareable, read-only data. That means that /usr should
be shareable between various FHS-compliant hosts and must not be written to.
Any information that is host-specific or varies with time is stored elsewhere.

Front 4

adduser command

Back 4

useradd - Create a new user or update default new user information

Front 5

cd

Back 5

change directories

Front 6

cd ..

Back 6

Go up one directory

Front 7

desktops

Back 7

the working surface of a desk

Front 8

Gnome

Back 8

GNOME (pronounced /ˈnoʊm/[5] or /ɡˈnoʊm/[6]) is a desktop environment which is composed entirely of free and open-source software and targets to be cross-platform, i.e. run on multiple operating systems, its main focus being Linux kernel-based ones.[7]

Front 9

KDE

Back 9

KDE (/ˌkeɪdiːˈiː/) is an international free software community[1] producing an integrated set of cross-platform applications designed to run on Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Microsoft Windows, and OS X systems. It is known for its Plasma Desktop, a desktop environment provided as the default working environment on many Linux distributions, such as openSUSE, Mageia and Kubuntu and is default desktop environment on PC-BSD, a BSD operating system.[2]

Front 10

Gzip

Back 10

Linux provides several tools to compress files, the most common is gzip.

Front 11

Gun-zip

Back 11

The opposite of the gzip command is gunzip. Alternatively, gzip –d does the same thing (gunzip is just a script that calls gzip with the right parameters). After gunzip does its work you can see that the access_log file is back to its original size.

Front 12

Home Directory

Back 12

A home directory is a file system directory on a multi-user operating system containing files for a given user of the system.

Front 13

ls Command

Back 13

The ls command will provide useful examples. By itself, the ls command will list the files and directories contained in your current working directory:

Front 14

password command

Back 14

passwd

The passwd command changes passwords for user accounts. A normal user may only change the password for his or her own account, while the superuser may change the password for any account. passwd also changes the account or associated password validity period.

Front 15

/dev/sbin

Back 15

/sbin is a standard subdirectory of the root directory in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems that contains executable (i.e., ready to run) programs. They are mostly administrative tools, that should be made available only to the root (i.e., administrative) user.

Front 16

su

Back 16

super user command

In Linux and Unix like computer operating systems, root is the conventional name of the user who has all rights or permissions (to all files and programs) in all modes (single- or multi-user).

Front 17

tar command

Back 17

Archiving is the solution to this problem. The traditional UNIX utility to archive files is called tar, which is a short form of TApe aRchive. Tar was used to stream many files to a tape for backups or file transfer. Tar takes in several files and creates a single output file that can be split up again into the original files on the other end of the transmission.

Front 18

What are the 3 modes of tar?

Back 18

Create: make a new archive out of a series of files

Extract: pull one or more files out of an archive

List: Shows the conect of the archive without extracting

Front 19

terminal window (usage)

Back 19

A terminal window displays a prompt; the prompt appears when no commands are being run and when all command output has been printed to the screen. The prompt is designed to tell the user to enter a command.

Front 20

GNU

Back 20

Self-referentially, short for GNU's not UNIX, a UNIX-compatible software system developed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). The philosophy behind GNU is to produce software that is non-proprietary. Anyone can download, modify and redistribute GNU software.

Front 21

Useradd

Back 21

useradd - create a new user or update default new user information

Front 22

userdel

Back 22

The userdel command removes the user account identified by the login parameter. The command removes a user's attributes without removing the user's home directory by default. The user name must already exist. If the -r flag is specified, the userdel command also removes the user's home directory.

Front 23

fdisk

Back 23

On Linux distributions, fdisk is the best tool to manage disk partitions. fdisk is a text based utility.

Using fdisk you can create a new partition, delete an existing partition, or change existing partition.

Front 24

Cat Command

Back 24

Clear access text

see the content of any text file

Front 25

clear command

Back 25

clears the terminal

Front 26

runlevels

Back 26

The term runlevel refers to a mode of operation in one of the computer operating systems that implement Unix System V-style initialization.

Front 27

what are the run levels

Back 27

- single-user mode
- multi-user mode without network services started
- multi-user mode with network services started
- system shutdown
- system reboot

Front 28

Daemons

Back 28

A daemon is a type of program on Unix-like operating systems that runs unobtrusively in the background, rather than under the direct control of a user, waiting to be activated by the occurance of a specific event or condition.

Front 29

shawdow file

Back 29

A. /etc/shadow file stores actual password in encrypted format for user's account with additional properties related to user password i.e. it stores secure user account information.

Front 30

whoami

Back 30

displays the user name of the current user

Front 31

who

Back 31

The who command prints information about all users who are currently logged in.

Front 32

vi and vim

Back 32

Even more dividing than the selection of shells is the choice of text editors. A text editor is used at the console to edit configuration files. The two main camps are vi (or the more modern vim) and emacs.

Front 33

rm -r

Back 33

deletes a directory and its contents

Front 34

touch

Back 34

creates a file

Front 35

ped

Back 35

process execution daemon


If a user or an application drops a file into this directory, ped parses the content and executes a given command.

Front 36

chmod

Back 36

change the permissions of
file

Front 37

What are the 3 permission types for chmod

Back 37

r = read
w = write
1 = execute

Front 38

unmask

Back 38

UMASK (User Mask or User file creation MASK)

is the default permission or base permissions given when a new file (even folder too, as Linux treats everything as files) is created on a Linux machine

Front 39

cp

Back 39

The cp command is used to copy files. It requires that you specify a source and a destination. The structure of the command is as follows:

Front 40

mv

Back 40

To move a file, use the mv command. The syntax for the mv command is much like the cp command:

Front 41

Find Command

Back 41

The find command is a very powerful tool that you can use to search for files on the filesystem.