Drugs And Human Behavior Terms - Medications For Mental Disorders (8)

Front 1

Phenothiazines

Back 1

A group of drugs used to treat psychosis. (Henri Laborit, first tested with chlorpromazine)

Front 2

Neuroleptic/Antipsychotic/Tranquilizer

Back 2

Terms for antipsychotic drugs. We now separate into conventional antipsychotics (pre-1990s) or atypical (last ten years).

Front 3

"Dirty" drugs

Back 3

Drugs that block many types of receptors beyond the type you want to block.

Front 4

Mechanism of Action - Antipsychotic

Back 4

Initially they block D2 dopamine receptors. Then, 10-14 days later (after a "lag period") they have antipsychotic effect.

Front 5

Clozapine

Back 5

Produces less pseudoparkinsonism than other neuroleptics. However, may suppress white blood cell production (can be deadly). Blocks both D2 dopamine and 5HT2A serotonin receptors.

Front 6

Pseudoparkinsonism

Back 6

Tremors and muscular rigidity that results from medications

Front 7

Agranulocytosis

Back 7

Low white blood cell count of unknown origin (sometimes develops in early stages of treatment with antipsychotics)

Front 8

Tardive Dyskinesia ("late-appearing abnormal movements")

Back 8

Appears after years of antipsychotic drug treatment. Due to supersensitivity of the dopaminergic receptors. Rhythmic, repetitive sucking and smacking movements of lips, thrusting of tongue, and movements of arms, toes, or fingers.

Front 9

Monoamine Oxidase

Back 9

Enzyme involved in breakdown of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine

Front 10

MAOIs

Back 10

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: Anti-depressent that inhibits the MAO enzyme, increasing availability of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine at the synapse.

MAOIs alter the normal metabolism of the dietary amino acid tyramine. If a person eats food with high tyramine content (aged cheese), hypertensive crisis (high blood pressure) will occur.

First MAOIs discovered were Iproniazid and isoniazid, which were meant to treat tuberculosis in 1952.

Front 11

Tricyclic

Back 11

Originally found while searching for a better phenothiazine antipsychotic (which in turn had been found while searching for a better antihistamine)

Tricyclic antidepressants interfere with the reuptake into the terminal of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.

Front 12

Selective Reuptake Inhibitors (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors / Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)

Back 12

As the name describes, these inhibitors select for specific neurotransmitters (Norepinephrine or Serotonin) and inhibit their reuptake from the synapse back into the axon terminal.

Front 13

Lithium

Back 13

Drug used to treat mania and bipolar disease (1949 - Australian John Cade)

Lithium is the single most effective psychotherapeutic agent available, but most patients don't like to take it.

Front 14

Various mood stabilizers

Back 14

Valproic Acid (Depakote), carbamazepine (Tegretol) and lamotrigine (Lamictal)