Disorders

Front 1

Etiology

Back 1

refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness

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Prognosis

Back 2

forecast about the probable course of an illness

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Ego-syntonic

Back 3

term referring to behaviors, values, feelings, which are in harmony with or acceptable to the needs and goals of the ego, or consistent with one's ideal self-image

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ego-dystonic

Back 4

psychological term referring to thoughts and behaviors, (e.g., dreams, impulses, compulsions, desires, etc.), that are in conflict, or dissonant, with the needs and goals of the ego, or further, in conflict with a person's ideal self-image

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Norm violation (deviance)

Back 5

behavior deviates from what society considers acceptable; violate standards and expectations

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Personal suffering

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individual’s report of great personal distress; troubled by depression or anxiety disorders; describe subjective pain and suffering to others

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Functional (behavioral)

Back 7

everyday adaptive behavior is impaired; chronic drug use interferes with a person’s social or occupational functioning

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Basic Cognitive Principle

Back 8

People are upset not because of events or situations which occur, but by the meaning that people give to events or situations

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Axis I

Back 9

Clinical Disorders

Front 10

Axis II

Back 10

Personality Disorders

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Axis III

Back 11

Physical/medical problems

Front 12

Axis IV

Back 12

Psychosocial/environmental problems

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Axis V

Back 13

Global Assessment of Functioning

Front 14

DSM

Back 14

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders

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Specific phobia

Back 15

marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that presents no realistic danger

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Agoraphobia

Back 16

fear of going out to public places; often brought on by panic disorder

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Panic disorder

Back 17

characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur suddenly and unexpectedly

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GAD

Back 18

involves anxiety and worry that is excessive and unrelenting

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OCD

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persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions)

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PTSD

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involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event

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OCD Neurotransmitters

Back 21

GABA and serotonin

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OCD: Conditioning (Mowrer’s two factor theory)

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anxiety responses may be acquired through classical conditioning and maintained through operant conditioning

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Mood disorders

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class of disorders marked by emotional disturbances of varied kinds that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual, social and thought processes

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Mood Disorder Neurotransmitters

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norepinephrine and serotonin; low levels of serotonin in depression; reduced hippocampal region

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Learned helplessness

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passive “giving up” behavior produced by exposure to unavoidable aversive events

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Somatoform disorders

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physical ailments that cannot be fully explained by organic conditions and are largely due to psychological factors

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Conversion disorder

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characterized by significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis) usually in a single organ system

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Somatization disorder

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marked by a history of diverse physical complaints that appear to be psychological in origin; usually paired with depression or anxiety disorders

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Hypochondriasis

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characterized by excessive preoccupation with one’s health and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses; paired with depression and anxiety disorders

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Dissociative disorders

Back 30

class of disorders in which people lose contact with portions of their consciousness or memory, resulting in disruptions in their sense of identity

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

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coexistence in one person of two or more laregly complete, and usually very different, personalities; “multiple personality disorder”

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Dissociative Fugue

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people lose their memory for their entire lives along with their sense of personal identity

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Schizophrenia

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encompass a class of disorders marked by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and deterioration of adaptive behavior

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Positive symptoms

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behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas

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negative symptoms

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behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech

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Paranoid

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delusions of persecution, along with delusions of grandeur

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disorganized

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particularly severe deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen

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catatonic

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striking motor disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to random motor activity

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undifferentiated

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idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic symptoms

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Schizophrenia Neurotransmitters

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Dopamine (excess); serotonin

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Schizophrenia Neurological problems

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Enlarged ventricles; frontal lobe activation