Developmental Psychology Exam 2.

Front 1

1. The psychoprophylactic method can be seen in which birthing method?

Back 1

Natural Birth

Front 2

2. Natural childbirth refers to ________

Back 2

Awake, aware, and unmedicated

Front 3

3. What term is used to describe the stage in the birth process in which the strong muscle fibers of the uterus contract rhythmically, pushing the infant downward toward the birth canal?

Back 3

Labor

Front 4

4. Crowning occurs when the:

Back 4

Widest diameter of the baby's head is at the mother's vulva

Front 5

5. Women who use the psychoprophylactic method of childbirth do what?

Back 5

relax and concentrate on how they breathe

Front 6

6. Approximately ____ million babies are born each year in the United States.

Back 6

4

Front 7

7. Describe the family-centered hospitals.

Back 7

In which birth is made a family experience in a hospital setting

Front 8

8. When fathers experience the “couvade syndrome” they are:

Back 8

Complaints of uncomfortable physical symptoms, dietary changes, and weight gain because of their partner's pregnancy

Front 9

9. According to the French obstetrician Frederick Leboyer, conventional hospital birth procedures produce:

Back 9

The experience is traumatic and stressful

Front 10

10. A surgical procedure by which the physician enters the uterus through an abdominal incision and removes the infant is called:

Back 10

Cesarean (C-section)

Front 11

11. The Apgar test includes what?

Back 11

Appearance, Pulse, Grimace (reflex), Activity, Respiration

Front 12

12. Premature infants are defined as:

Back 12

A baby having a gestational age of less than 37 weeks

Front 13

13. What leads to an at-risk infant?

Back 13

Poverty, neglect, and abuse

Front 14

14. The study of cognition includes what?

Back 14

Sensation, perception, imagery, retention, memory, recall, problem solving, reasoning, and thinking.

Front 15

15. Learning involves a relatively permanent change in a capability or behavior that results from:

Back 15

Experience

Front 16

16. The developmental psychologist who contributed a great deal to our understanding of how children think, reason, and problem solve in developmental cognitive stages is:

Back 16

Jean Piaget

Front 17

17. The realization that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight constitutes:

Back 17

Object Permanence

Front 18

18. According to Piaget, the infant comes to integrate the motor and perceptual systems during which period?

Back 18

Sensorimotor Period

Front 19

19. What is(are) characteristic of Piaget’s description of the early sensorimotor period?

Back 19

Infant responding with inborn reflexes, to becoming more aware and responding to people and objects

Front 20

20. Jerome Bruner indicates that children use mental images or pictures for representing the world. He refers to these as:

Back 20

Ikonic Representation

Front 21

21. What are the consequence of maternal depression?

Back 21

.

Front 22

22. Know the predictions of intelligence from cognitive performance in infancy.

Back 22

.

Front 23

23. Language is defined as:

Back 23

A structured system of sound patterns with socially standardized meanings

Front 24

24. Proponents of the view that thought shapes language claim that:

Back 24

Only need language to convey ideas to others

Front 25

25. Proponents of the view that language is the determinant of thought claim that:

Back 25

Emphasizes that concepts play in our thinking

Front 26

26. According to Erik Erikson, the development of what is the essential task of infancy?

Back 26

Development of Basic trust in others

Front 27

27. The physiological changes, subjective experiences, and expressive behaviors that are involved in feelings are termed:

Back 27

Emotions

Front 28

28. Child neglect is best defined as:

Back 28

Absence of adequate social, emotional, and physical care

Front 29

29. Studies of parents who abuse their children reveal that the parents:

Back 29

Were abused when they were kids as well

Front 30

30. The practice whereby an inexperienced person relies on a more experienced person’s interpretation of an event to regulate his or her subsequent behavior is:

Back 30

Social Referencing

Front 31

31. Describe Izard’s differential emotions theory.

Back 31

A person's facial expression colors what the brain "feels"

Front 32

32. Izard has found that infants normally express shyness as well as self-awareness when?

Back 32

6 to 8 months

Front 33

33. The relatively consistent, basic dispositions inherent in people that underlie and modulate much of their behavior are referred to as:

Back 33

Temperment

Front 34

34. The attachment behavioral system does what?

Back 34

Leads to maintaining proximal contact with adults

Front 35

35. According to Thomas’s categories of temperament, a baby that has a low activity level, adapts very slowly, and tends to be withdrawn would be classified as a(n) ________ baby.

Back 35

Slow-to-warm-up

Front 36

36. Describe Autism.

Back 36

A lifelong developmental disability by severe impairment in social interaction, and communication

Front 37

37. Thomas refers to the match between the characteristics of infants and their families as:

Back 37

Goodness of Fit

Front 38

38. A major finding about temperament and child-rearing practices is:

Back 38

It can be moderated based on how parents raise their children

Front 39

39. In terms of activity performance, know examples of a motor-skill developmental delay for a typical 3-year-old?

Back 39

Can: stand on one foot, hop, tricycle, copy a circle, draw a line, pour from pitcher, catch a ball

Front 40

40. The leading serious chronic pediatric disease, asthma, affects ______ percent of children.

Back 40

10%

Front 41

41. Wechsler’s description of intelligence is:

Back 41

Is a capacity for acquiring knowledge and functioning rationally and effectively rather than the possession of a fund of knowledge.

Front 42

42. Who is the psychologist who viewed intelligence as a general ability and devised the first widely used intelligence test?

Back 42

Alfred Binet

Front 43

43. Spearman advanced an opposing view of intelligence; that is, intelligence is:

Back 43

a general intellectual ability employed for reasoning and problem solving with special factors peculiar to given tasks

Front 44

44. Psychologists who view intelligence as a process, rather than as an ability, are not so much interested in ________we know, but in ________ we know

Back 44

What; How

Front 45

45. Piaget said children first develop the capacity to represent the external world internally through symbols during which period?

Back 45

Preoperational

Front 46

46. Children around 7 and 8 years old are able distinguish between cause and effect, which is known as:

Back 46

Casuality

Front 47

47. When a child understands that words must go in a specific order, then that child has achieved an understanding of:

Back 47

Syntax

Front 48

48. Chomsky’s LAD stands for:

Back 48

Language Acquisition Device

Front 49

49. Vygotsky’s concept known as the zone of proximal development (ZPD) states that:

Back 49

Children develop through participation in activities slightly beyond their competence when helped by a more skilled partner

Front 50

50. Piaget asserts that ________ is the foundation for social interchange in children.

Back 50

Reciprocity