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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who Published "Healthy People 2010" |
Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) |
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International Government Level of Community Dental Health (an organization) |
World Health Organization (WHO) |
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Where is the CDC located? What level is it considered? |
Located in Atlanta, Georgia Considered a federal level |
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Which government level administers water fluoridation for each county? |
Local Level |
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Word to describe the estimated population of people who are managing a disease at any given time |
Prevalence
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Word describing the annual diagnosis rate/number of new cases of a particular disease diagnosed each year |
Incidence |
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Community Health Practice Procedures (6 steps) |
1. Needs assessment (survey) 2. Data Analysis 3. Program PLANNING 4. Program OPERATION 5. Funding 6. Appraisal or Evaluation |
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Private Practice Procedures (6 steps)
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1. Health history and Examination 2. Diagnosis 3. Treatment Planning 4. Treatment 5. Payment 6. Evaluation |
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Descriptive Studies |
AKA: Case studies no formal control group*
Asks who, where, and when*
example: a cross-sectional study |
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Analytical Studies |
Tests hypothesis to establish CAUSE
can end up with a "null hypothesis" (H0) |
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Experimental Analytical Studies |
Uses control groups and treatment groups
Must pay attention to bias
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What are 3 types of Observational Analytical Studies? |
1. Cohort 2. Case Control 3. Cross Sectional
hint: meant to OBSERVE, not intervene, researcher is not involved |
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Case Control Observational Study (Retrospective) |
2 groups one with condition (case) and another without (control)
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Cross Sectional Study |
"Snapshot" of population, cause and effect relationships are not apparent
measures disease and exposure status together
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Longitudinal Study |
refers to ANY type of study that is long term! |
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Research Sample Types (5 types) |
1. Random sample 2. Stratified sample (subgroups) 3. Systematic sample (every 'nth') 4. Judgement Sample (HIGH BIAS) 5. Convenience Sample |
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What type of variable changes in response to an intervention? |
Dependent Variable |
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What type of variable is the intervention related too? |
Independent variable -- the action or verb of the case)
(INtervention, INdependent) ex: toothbrushing |
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What type of Statistic measures Central Tendency? (Descriptive or Inferential) |
Descriptive statistic |
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What are the measures of Central Tendency? |
Mean (most common measure of central tendency), Median Mode |
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How is Mean calculated? |
add all scores together and divide by number of scores |
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How is Median calculated? |
put scores in a data matrix and locate midpoint
*not affected by extreme high or low scores |
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How is Mode calculated? |
(board favorite) Identify score that occurs most often
on a normal bell curve, the mean, median, and mode, are EQUAL |
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Validity |
Degree that a study or procedure can be conclusive yet realistic
Ex: Clinical attachment has been shown to be a valid way to test periodontal breakdown
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Reliability |
Extent to which the method of measurement Consistently performs
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Explain 2 types of Reliability |
1. Intraexaminer reliability - consistent performance by SAME evaluater
2. Interexaminer reliability- consistent performance BETWEEN DIFFERENT examiners |
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Correlation Co-efficient |
determines the strength of relationship between 2 variables
closer the correlation is to +1.0 or -1.0, the STRONGER the correlation |
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P-value (probability value) |
p-value should be LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.05,
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What type of Preventative services are fluoride treatments, prophys, and nutritional counseling considered? |
Primary Services |
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What type of preventative service is periodontal therapy considered? |
Secondary services |
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Is the DMFT reversible or irreversible? |
irreversible |
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what does the deft indice stand for? |
Decayed, need for extraction, filled teeth (irreversible) |
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CAMBRA |
measures risk assessment
Caries Management By Risk Assessment |
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Is Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) reversible or irreversible? |
BOTH. Measures Gingivitis and Periodontitis separately
note: gingival indices are REVERSIBLE periodontal indices are irreversible |
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Reason for Needs Assessment in planning a program |
To Collect Baseline Data |
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What tools can be used for TYPE III examinations? |
Mouth mirror and lighting ONLY |
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What tools can be used for Type IV examinations? |
Tongue Depressor and Lighting ONLY |
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What is the difference between Medicare and Medicaid? |
Medicare- Health insurance for ELDERLY/DISABLE
Medicaid- Health insurance for the POOR |
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When were medicare and medicated created? |
In 1965, by the Social Security Act |
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Difference between goal and objective |
Goal: broad-based statement of desired outcome
Objective: MUST be measurable |
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Health Belief Model |
an individual's course of action depends on the person's perceptions of benefits and barriers related to health behavior |
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Six constructs to Health Belief Model |
1. Perceived susceptibility 2. Perceived severity 3. Perceived benefits 4. Perceived barriers 5. cue to action (stimulus to trigger decision) 6. Self-efficacy (level of pt's confidence) |
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Examples of Formal Delivery of information (active) |
lecture, demonstration, discussion |
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Examples of Informal Delivery of information (passive) |
brochures, pamphlets, billboards, video |
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Stages of Learning (6 stages) |
1. Unawareness 2. Awareness 3. Self- Interest 4. Involvement 5. Action 6. Habit |
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Name the 2 types of Evaluation |
1. Summative (outcome evaluation)
2. Formative (conducted DURING the program) |
