Dental Anomalies

Front 1

anomaly

Back 1

a deviation from normal, usually related to embroynic development

Front 2

-anodontia
-total anodontia
-partial anodontia

Back 2

-the total congenitial absence of a set of teeth
-characterized by the total absence of the entire primary and secondary dentitions.
-involves one or more missing teeth from a dentition.

Front 3

supernumerary teeth

Back 3

teeth that form in excess of the normal dental formulas for each quadrant

Front 4

mesiodens

Back 4

a small supernumerary tooth that forms between central incisors, cone shaped crown and short root

Front 5

distomolars, paramolars, or fourth molar

Back 5

more common in the maxillary arch, a supernumerary tooth distal to the third molar

Front 6

peg-shaped lateral incisor

Back 6

the most common anomaly in tooth shape in the anterior region of the secondary dentition

Front 7

germination or twinning

Back 7

results from the splitting or twinning of a single forming tooth (germ), appears doubled in width and may be notched

Front 8

fusion

Back 8

the union of two adjacent tooth germs, always invoving the dentin, two seperate but fused roots with seperate root chambers

Front 9

-hutchinson's incisors
-mulberry molars

Back 9

-a result of prenatal syphilis, may be screw-driver shaped, broad cervically, and narrowing incisally, with a notched incisal edge.
-first molars in the dentitions may have occlusal anatomy of many tiny tubercles with poorly developed cusps

Front 10

tubercles

Back 10

extra small enamel projections, may result from developmental localized hyperplasia

Front 11

hyperplasia

Back 11

increase in volume of tissue caused by growth of new cells

Front 12

tuberculum intermedium

Back 12

a third lingual cusp that may develop on the mandibular molars on the lingual surface

Front 13

tuberculum sextum

Back 13

if extra cusp is located on the distal marginal ridge it is called this (refers to previous slide)

Front 14

enamel pearls

Back 14

small round nodules of enamel with a tiny core of dentin, found most often on the distal of third molars and the buccal root furication of molars.

Front 15

taurodontia

Back 15

so-called bull or prism teeth, the pulp chamber is very long, without a constriction at the CEJ, only occurs on permanent teeth.

Front 16

talon cusp

Back 16

a small enamel projection in the cingulum area of the MX or MD anterior permanent teeth

Front 17

microdontia

Back 17

very small but normally shaped teeth, may occur as a single tooth, several teeth or an entire dentition

Front 18

macrodontia

Back 18

very large but normally shaped teeth, may occur as a single tooth, several teeth or an entire dentition

Front 19

-dilaceration
-flexion

Back 19

-a severe bend or distortion of a tooth and/or crown, often approx. an angle from 45 to more than 90 degree angle
-another term used to describe a sharp curvature or bend on a tooth root (less than 90 degree)

Front 20

Dens in dente

Back 20

a developmental anomaly resulting from the invagination of the enamel organ within the crown of a tooth. Radiographically appears as a mass of elongated enamel within the dentin of a normal-sized tooth.

Front 21

concresence

Back 21

is a type of superficial fusion or growing together of two adjacent teeth at the root through the cementum only.

Front 22

dwarfed roots

Back 22

normal sized crown with short roots, may result from orthodontics

Front 23

hypercementosis

Back 23

the excessive formation of cementum around the root of a tooth after the tooth hass erupted.

Front 24

accessory roots (extra)

Back 24

usually occuring in teeth whose roots form after birth, probably caused by trauma, metabolic dysfunction, or pressure

Front 25

impacted teeth

Back 25

teeth that fail to erupt because of mechanical obstruction, supposedly from the evolutionary decreasing size of mans modern jaw.

Front 26

misplaced teeth or transposition

Back 26

occur when tooth buds seem to get out of place

Front 27

tooth rotation

Back 27

a tooth may be rotated on its axis by as much as 180 degrees

Front 28

ankylosis

Back 28

teeth that erupt into the oral cavity but fail to reach occlusion with the opposing arch, they appear submerged or ankylosed. It has lost its PDL space and is truly fused to the alveolar process or bone.

Front 29

enamel dysplasia

Back 29

a broad term used to describe abnormal enamel development

Front 30

amelogenesis imperfecta

Back 30

hereditary disorder that affects the enamel formation of both dentitions, results in rough yellow to brown crowns that are highly susceptible to decay

Front 31

fluorosis

Back 31

a condition caused during enamel formation by the ingestion of a high concentration of fluorine in water

Front 32

high fever damage

Back 32

pitted enamel on permanent teeth

Front 33

focal hypomaturation, turner's tooth, turner's hypoplasia (different names for the same thing)

Back 33

seen as localized chalky white spot on tooth (or red), may result from trauma, local infection of an adjacent primary tooth or some interference in the enamel matrix maturation. Generally appears in middle third of tooth

Front 34

dentin dysplasia

Back 34

anomalies of the dentin of hereditary or systemic causes

Front 35

dentinogenesis imperfecta (opalescent dentin)

Back 35

hereditary disorder, affects dentin formation of both dentitions, teeth have a light blue-gray to yellow color, somewhat opalescent appearance

Front 36

tetracycline stain

Back 36

an antibiotic taken by a pregnant woman, infant or child during tooth formation. Causes yellow to gray-brown staining. Affect primary and some permanent teeth.

Front 37

injury after tooth eruption

Back 37

attrition, abrasion, erosion, and abfraction

Front 38

attrition

Back 38

wearing away of enamel and dentin from the movement of the mandibular teeth against the maxillary teeth, by normal function and excessive grinding or gritting together (bruxism)

Front 39

abrasion

Back 39

wearing away of tooth structure by mechanical means, hard brushing at CEJ area, chewing or biting hard foods or objects.

Front 40

erosion

Back 40

loss of tooth structure from chemical means

Front 41

abfraction

Back 41

results from tooth bending (flexure) caused by heavy occlusal forces, thought to result from separation of enamel rods near the cervical line.