Dental Anatomy Operative Midterm

Front 1

Infectious disease

Back 1

Preparation reduces microorganisms in the disease process (preparation is a surgical procedure).

Front 2

What are the objectives of tooth preparation?

Back 2

1. Remove defects and protect pulp
2. Conservative cutting
3. Form preparation to withstand forces of
mastication
4. Allow for functional placement of
restoration

Front 3

What are the 7 steps of cavity preparation?

Back 3

1. Outline Form
2. Resistance Form 3. Retention Form
4. Convenience Form
5. Removal of Decay
6. Cavosurface Finish
7. Debridement of the Preparation

Front 4

Class I definition of caries

Back 4

• All pit and fissure caries
• May be on occlusal surface of premolars and
molars
• May be on the occlusal two-thirds of the facial or lingual surface of premolars and molars (where ever there is a groove)
• May be on the lingual surface of anteriors

Front 5

Outline Form

Back 5

1. The facial-lingual width is to be 1mm (measured by the smallest amalgam condenser)
2. Extend slightly further into occlusal primary grooves (slightly up the major grooves).
3. Maintain the marginal/ oblique ridge integrity following the contour of that ridge.

Front 6

Outline Form

Back 6

Facial-Lingually the Width Should be Wide Enough to Accommodate the Smallest Plugger Loosely(1mm

Front 7

Resistance Form

Back 7

The internal shape that you produce that best prevents the fracture of the filling material and/or the tooth ie. Those features of the prep which resist the forces of mastication

Front 8

Resistance Form

Back 8

• Must maintain marginal ridge/oblique ridge integrity
• Must have a smooth, flat pulpal floor
(perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth)
• Mesial & distal walls form a 6 degree obtuse angle w/pulpal floor

Front 9

Resistance Form

Back 9

Utilize a #1556 burr
– carbide bur; cross-cut
fissured bur
– 3.8mm cutting length
– enter perpendicular to the occlusal surface so 1⁄2-2/3 of cutting length sinks into preparation

Front 10

Which one is the pear, the straight cut, or rounded end cross cut? 1556, 330, and 56 all have .80 diameter

Back 10

Straight fissure = 56
Pear shaped = 330 for class III
Straight rounded end cross-cut = 1556

Front 11

Retention form

Back 11

• Walls: Enclosing side of a cavity preparation which takes its name according to its adjacent surface
• Other examples of retention form may include:
– grooves
– slots
– undercuts

Front 12

4. Convenience (Access) Form

Back 12

Modification of the ideal outline form in order to be able to remove fully all decay or defective tooth structure

Front 13

Removal of Decay

Back 13

Excavation of all infected tooth structure using low-speed rotary instruments and spoon excavators

Front 14

Cavosurface Finish

Back 14

Cavosurface angle is the angle formed at the junction of a cut wall and the external surface of the tooth. The actual junction is the cavosurface margin.
• Proper Finishing of cavosurface margins
• Determined by filling material and location of the preparation
•Amalgam Restorations are finished as a “butt joint” (90 degree exit angle) on the occlusal surface with no bevel

Front 15

7. Debridement of Preparation

Back 15

• Flushing out of all debris from the cavity preparation
• Final step prior to beginning the restorative phase of the procedure

Front 16

Summation of Class I

Back 16

1. 1mm F-L width
2. Slightly up major grooves
3. Preserve marginal/oblique ridge
4. Depth 1.7-2mm at shallowest point (the fossae)
5. .5mm into dentin
6. Smooth pulpal floor
7. M&D walls 6 degree obtuse angle with pulpal floor
8. F&L walls perpendicular or slightly acute with pulpal floor

Front 17

Explorer numbers?

Back 17

#23 and #17

Front 18

Which are internal walls of a prep & which are external walls?

Back 18

Internal walls: Pulpal and Axial walls
External: Distal Facial Lingual Gingival

Axial Wall-Parallel to the Long Axis of the Tooth Pulpal Floor or Wall-Perpendicular to the Long Axis of the Tooth

Front 19

Line Angles

Back 19

Where Two Surfaces Come Together You Have A Line Angle

Front 20

Point Angles

Back 20

Where Three Surfaces Come Together You Have A Point Angle

Front 21

Definition of number of surfaces:
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex

Back 21

• SIMPLE: one surface only
• COMPOUND: two surfaces
• COMPLEX: three or more surfaces

Front 22

Class I Caries

Back 22

All pit and fissures

Front 23

Class II Caries

Back 23

Proximal Surfaces of Posterior Teeth

Front 24

Class III Caries

Back 24

Proximal Surfaces of Anterior Teeth

Front 25

Class IV Caries

Back 25

Proximal Surfaces of Anterior Teeth,
Involving the incisal angle

Front 26

Class V Caries

Back 26

Involves the gingival 1/3 of all Teeth
Facially (buccal/labial) and Lingually

Front 27

Class VI Caries

Back 27

Caries on cusp tips and incisal edges

Front 28

All Classes, II-VI, are?

Back 28

smooth surface caries
Class I’s are not (pit [fossa] and fissures [grooves])

Front 29

Rubber Dam-WHY?

Back 29

1. Reduces microbial contamination by up to 99%
2. Most significant reduction is in vicinity of operator and dental assistant.
3. Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, recommends the use of high speed evacuation and dental dams
4. Provide patient protection & increases access, visibility and moisture control
5. Prevents aspiration or swallowing of foreign bodies

AN ULTIMATE TIME SAVINGS OF 40-50%

Front 30

Rubber Dam Isolation

Back 30

• Isolation of your working field is accomplished through use of a rubber dam
• Keeps your working area free of debris and saliva
– moisture control
• saliva, blood, sulcular fluids
– retraction
– soft tissue protection

Front 31

Rubber Dam Isolation • Why do we isolate?

Back 31

– to improve vision and access by removing impediments • lip,cheek,tongue
– to produce a clean, dry field
• improves quality of amalgam restorations
• absolutely mandatory for all bonded restorations
–moisture adversely affects retention and permanence in bonded restoration

Front 32

Methods of Controlling the Operating field

Back 32

• DRUGS
– antisialogogues: not routinely used for operative
procedures
• atropine sulfate: .25-.50mg 2 hrs prior to procedure
• belladonnas: 15mg 2 hrs prior to procedure
• scopalamine: 0.4mg 1/2 hr prior to procedure • valium: 5 - 10mg 1 hr prior to procedure
– local anesthetics:
• lidocaine: anesthetic relax patient reducing salivary flow
– Bibulous paper
– Cotton rolls: block duct openings
• Parotid, Sublingual
• must be changed as often as necessary to keep field dry based on patient’s salivary flow
– Vacuum devices:
• hi-speed evacuation • saliva ejectors
– Rubber dam

Front 33

The Ideal Working Area

Back 33

• Rubber Dam and High Speed Evacuation

Front 34

Rubber Dam

Back 34

– Prevents salivary contamination
– depresses gingiva around teeth
– acts as a tongue depressor and cheek retractor
– improves field of vision by providing a uniform non-glare background
– protects patient: reduces chance of slicing soft tissue with a high-speed instrument; reduces chance of aspiration of small instruments or chemicals

Front 35

Rubber Dam

Back 35

– Infection control
• Hepatitis, TB, AIDS
– Efficiency: keeps patient from constantly talking
and/or rinsing

Front 36

Rubber Dam

Back 36

Rubber dam sheets are provided in 5x5 and
6x6 inch squares

Holes should be 1.5- 2.0mm apart: too close together causes rips; too far apart causes bunching

Front 37

• Rubberdamclamps (retainers)

Back 37

used to anchor the dam to the teeth
– various sizes based on size of tooth
– winged and unwinged
– those with prongs are helpful in clamping partially erupted teeth

Front 38

#9 Clamp

Back 38

Anterior teeth for Class V's

Front 39

#2 Clamp

Back 39

Large Premolars

Front 40

#2A Clamp

Back 40

Smaller Premolars

Front 41

#4 Clamp

Back 41

Small Maxillary Premolars

Front 42

#7 Clamp

Back 42

Mandibular Molars

Front 43

#12A Clamp

Back 43

Mandibular right and Maxillary Left molars

Front 44

#13A Clamp

Back 44

Mandibular left and Maxillary Right molars

Front 45

ANTERIORISOLATION:(ClassIII,IVorV restorations )

Back 45

first premolar to first premolar; use two clamps, one on each premolar

Front 46

• POSTERIOR QUADRANT ISOLATION:

Back 46

second molar to one tooth past midline (central incisor); clamp 2nd molar,

Front 47

POSTERIOR 3-TOOTH ISOLATION:

Back 47

clamp tooth distal to the one being restored and ligate tooth anterior to the one being restored (you can do this but not recommended)

Front 48

First big hole in the 5 hole punch is for?
2nd hole?
3rd hole?
4th hole?
5th hole?

Back 48

1 - Anchor tooth
2 - molars
3 - premolars and canines
4 - maxillary incisors
5 - mandibular incisors

Front 49

If any teeth in the operating field are missing or not in alignment, the holes for these teeth should be?

Back 49

skipped or realigned and the operating field adjusted as necessary.

Front 50

Rubberdamclamp forceps:

Back 50

used to place and remove retainers

In order for the clamp to be secure, both points of each jaw must contact the anchor tooth below the height of contour.

Front 51

The bow of the clamp always faces?

Back 51

posterior (towards the back of the mouth).

Front 52

What are the exceptions to use of a rubber dam?

Back 52

• Patient phobic
• Respiratory problems: cold, asthma • Extremely malposed teeth
• Broken down teeth

Front 53

Class II Preparations

Back 53

• Prewedge all Class II Preparations
• Place Matrix (Tofflemire) on adjoining tooth and the open end is always face down towards the gingiva

Front 54

Outline Form

Back 54

outer shape of the preparation Includes
Maintain uninvolved marginal ridge integrity
Facio-lingual width 1mm; and extend slightly into primary grooves
May or may not see light in F/L embrasures
Tapering form gingivo-occlusal
Gingival extension (must break contact with adjacent tooth)

Front 55

Resistance Form

Back 55

-internal shape that prevents fracture of filling or tooth
1. Pulpal depth 1.7-2mm and 1/2mm into Dentin
2. Axial depth 1mm premolars, 1-1.3mm molars
3. Axio-pulpal line angle beveled
4. Uninvolved proximal slightly obtuse(6 degrees)
5. Flat pulpal and gingival floors
6. Axial wall is convex or follows contour of gingival cavo-surface margin

Front 56

Retention Form

Back 56

-internal shape that prevents filling from falling out.
•Buccal & lingual walls face each other (proximal box)
•Converging slightly towards the occlusal
(proximal box)

Front 57

Summation of Class I and Class II Box

Back 57

1. 1mmF-Lwidth
2. Slightly up major grooves
3. Preserve marginal/oblique ridge
4. Depth 1.7-2mm at shallowest point (the fossae)
5. .5mm into dentin
6. Smooth pulpal floor
7. M&D walls 6 degree obtuse angle with pulpal floor
8. F&L walls perpendicular or slightly acute with pulpal floor

Front 58

Proximal Box of Class II

Back 58

9. Axial wall depth 1-1.3mm
10. Bevel axio-pulpal line angle
11. Flat gingival floor
12. Axial wall is convex, follows contour of gingival cavo-surface margin
13. B-L walls face each other
14. Diverging occlusal to gingival
15. Break contact F, L (classic prep only) and gingival (always)
16. Plane gingival margin (if finish is on enamel)

Front 59

Cavity Lesion rankings from Shallowest to deepest

Back 59

E1 --> E2 --> D1 --> D2

Front 60

Amalgam Restorations

Back 60

Simple: One surface
Compound: Two Surfaces
Complex: Three Surface
Atypical: Three or more surfaces that always involve the onlaying of one or more cusps

Front 61

Occlusal caries spread how?

Back 61

Small on top of enamel to spreading big at the dentin-enamal junction and then in spreads into dentin tapering.

Front 62

Proximal surface caries spread how?

Back 62

Large caries on top of enamel to spreading to a small point at the dentin-enamal junction and then in spreads Large caries on top of dentin tapering down into the dentin.

Front 63

Rectilinear instruments

Back 63

CHISELS:
Hatchets
Hoes
Margin Trimmers

Front 64

• A hatchet is a hand instrument whose blade is?

Back 64

parallel with the handle; a hoe has a blade which creates a right angle with the handle

83 is mesial 97 is distal

Front 65

Instrument formula

Back 65

• Identified by 3 or 4 number formula
– e.g. 13-97-9-15; 10-7-15
• In general, instruments whose formula begins with “10” are for premolars ; those whose formulas begin with “13” for molars. We will be using 10 series only. 10 are for premolars and 13 are for molars

Front 66

10-97-7-15

Back 66

• 1st number: (10) the width of the blade in tenths of millimeters
• 2nd number: (97) angle the cutting edge creates with the handle in degrees centigrade• 3rd number: (7) the length of the blade in millimeters
• 4th number: (15) the angle the the entire blade makes with the handle in degrees centigrade

Front 67

• In three digit formulas, it is understood that the second digit is missing and that digit is understood to be a?

Back 67

“90” (90 degrees Cent.)

Front 68

Proper Use of Hand Instruments

Back 68

• Thelongersideofthebladeisalwaysused as the cutting edge
• Instrumentisheldusingamodifiedpen grasp
• Thesideofthebladeshouldbeparallelwith the long axis of the tooth in order to attain the proper angles
• Scrapeinonedirectiononly-NOTback& forth

Front 69

Unsupported enamel must be planed at what degree angle?

Back 69

20 degrees

Front 70

An S curve is used to achieve?

Back 70

A 90 degree exit angle

Front 71

Burnishers

Back 71

Discoid Cleoid Carver and Hollenbach Carvers

Front 72

When using a toffelmire, the band must extend at least?

Back 72

1mm above the marginal ridge

Front 73

What are the qualities of an ideal Restorative Preparation?

Back 73

• RestoreDamagedTooth • WearResistance
• FractureResistance
• BondtoTooth
• BondtoSelf
• SmoothSurface • Esthetic
• LowConductivity • Radiopaque

Front 74

What are the advantages of posterior composites?

Back 74

• Tooth Colored Restoration • Conservative Preparations • Adhesive

Front 75

What are the disadvantages of Posterior Composites?

Back 75

• Difficult to Contour (and achieve closed contact) • Tooth Colored (difficult to identify)
• Difficult to Remove
• Time Consuming
• More Rapid Wear
• Expensive in chair time

Front 76

What are the contraindications, a factor that renders the administration of a drug or the carrying out of a medical
procedure inadvisable:

Back 76

1. Abusive Occlusion
2. Preparation wider than 1/3 the facial- lingual width
3. No Holding Contact
4. Subgingival Preparation (cannot control moisture)
5. Inability to Place Rubber Dam
6. Clasp from partial denture

Front 77

Depth of cure increments?

Back 77

2mm at a time

Front 78

Placing Composites.

Back 78

1. Pumice
2. Rinse
3. Air Dry (do not desiccate)
4. Acid Etch 15 sec. (35% phosphoric acid)
5. Rinse
6. Air Dry (do not desiccate)
7. Apply Bonding Agent (brush in)
8. Air Dry slightly to remove solvent (no puddling) 9. Light Cure
10. Place Composite (Cure only in 2mm increments)

Front 79

Inadequate Cure due to curing light could be from?

Back 79

• Inefficient Lamp
• Low (fluctuating) voltage
• Dirty tip

Front 80

What are the Properties of the Restorative Material Affecting Intensity of Light Transmitted?

Back 80

• Shade- pigment • Opacity
• Thickness

Front 81

What does an ideal preparation look like?

Back 81

• Removal of Caries
• Removal of Unsupported Enamel
• Placement of Margins in a Finishable Location

Front 82

Things involving Contact Area

Back 82

• Wedging
• Tooth movement
• Gingival adaptation
• Matrix Band
• Thin
• Contoured
• Burnishable
• Held against adjacent tooth during curing

Front 83

#14OL prep is what class cavity?

Back 83

class 1 compound cavity

Front 84

#4MO with no molars in that quadrant what wouldn’t you use?

Back 84

don’t use clamp use tofflemire or floss on #4

Front 85

#9 incisal fractures is what class?

Back 85

class 4

Front 86

35% phosphoric acid on prep prior to restoring tooth with composite→ acid should be applied to?

Back 86

dentin first to remove smear layer

Front 87

97 is for what margin?

Back 87

all DISTAL gingival cavosurface margins

Front 88

Access form is the shape of the prep that?

Back 88

facilitates prep and restoration

Front 89

After triturating amalgam pack restoration material with?

Back 89

condenser

Front 90

Area of class 2 prep that provides portion of resistance form?

Back 90

rounded axial-pulpal line angle

Front 91

Best caries indicator of high risk for caries?

Back 91

presence of cavitated lesions

Front 92

Bevel placed at gingival margin of class 3 composite prep #10 is?

Back 92

not necessary

Front 93

Breaking contact with adjacent tooth in proximal box is what form?

Back 93

outline form

Front 94

Caries can form in a small area of prep in enamel at the bottom of a pit/fissure. The caries will begin to spread laterally at?

Back 94

the DEJ.

Front 95

Caries

Back 95

(It is NOT infectious, NOT fluoride dependant, NOT vitamin deficient).

Front 96

Class 2 amalgam prep will need?

Back 96

amalgam well, matrix, matix retainer, carrier, condenser, carver

Front 97

In a Class 2 composite restoration the best way to place composite is at how many increments?

Back 97

2mm or less increments

Front 98

Class 2 prep with divergent occ→gingiv proximal box will?

Back 98

prevent restoration from falling out

Front 99

Class II 3 surface restoration makes 87 degree with pulp floor what step?

Back 99

retention

Front 100

T/F Distal wall of MO class 2 amalgam is the external wall. Pulpal wall of class 1 amalgam is external wall.

Back 100

first statement True and Second False

Front 101

Example of caries located in a fossa is for what class only?

Back 101

class 1 only

Front 102

Facial and lingual walls of proximal box of class 2 amalgam preps: 1) converge toward the?

Back 102

occlusal AND 2) face each other

Front 103

Facial wall of class 3 is parallel to?

Back 103

the facial surface of the tooth. Gingival wall must break contact with the adjacent tooth.

Front 104

For a class 2 restoration we plane the gingival cavosurface margin bc?

Back 104

the enamel rods: slant in gingival direction

Front 105

For rubber dam #29 dam should extend from?

Back 105

#31 to #24

Front 106

Hand instrument 13-93-9-13 has blade with width of?

Back 106

1.3mm

Front 107

T/F Ideal maxillary class 3 composite prep has no bevels. Must plane gingival margin→

Back 107

BOTH TRUE

Front 108

In a case where there is a great deal of large carious lesions where you completed all necessary restorations the success depends primarily on?

Back 108

implementing an active medical approach

Front 109

Inversion of rubber dam accomplishes what?

Back 109

improving moisture control

Front 110

Large #15MO what do you condense first?

Back 110

condense restoration at proximal box first

Front 111

Large class 2 with lots of soft decay what do you use to remove the decay?

Back 111

use spoon excavator with slow speed round bur

Front 112

T/F Line angle is where 3 surfaces come together. All line angles are rounded.

Back 112

False a Line angle has 2 surfaces. Second statement is true.

Front 113

MB cusp of #19 would be considered what class of caries?

Back 113

a class 6

Front 114

MO on amalgam #30 fractured and pt has pain on biting: what might be the reason?

Back 114

→ A failure to bevel along gingival cavosurface margin

Front 115

Non-carious loss of tooth structure includes?

Back 115

cavitation

Front 116

On BW xray you observe decay on #3M that penetrated into dentin. During the prep of MO restoration you didn’t see decay: you did not extend prep sufficiently

Back 116

gingivally

Front 117

Open end of the tofflemire faces ______ when placed on the tooth

Back 117

apically/gingivally

Front 118

Pain caused by debonding occurs due to?

Back 118

fluid passing over the dentinal tubules

Front 119

Patient has class 3 caries on #23D. You should approach?

Back 119

facial/lingual whichever is closest to the lesion

Front 120

Prep #3MO for restoration what is the next step?

Back 120

next step is to place the matrix band between #3/#4

Front 121

Primary reason for condensation of triturated amalgam in prep is to?

Back 121

eliminate internal voids in amalgam which reduce strength

Front 122

Purpose of overbuilding and carving condensed amalgam is to take off?

Back 122

the Hg layer during carving

Front 123

Reason for banking of composite during the restoration is to prevent?

Back 123

shrinkage across the restoration

Front 124

The forth # of the four numbers on a rectilinear instrument represents the?

Back 124

angle that the entire blade makes with the handle

Front 125

To provide resistance to proximal box of class 2 gingival floor should be?

Back 125

perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth

Front 126

Tofflemire should extend how far above the marginal ridge?

Back 126

1.0mm above the marginal ridge

Front 127

Wedges are used to?

Back 127

prevent amalgam extrusion gingivally and to re-establish the proximal contact

Front 128

When checking occlusion with articulating paper on #14 a high spot may be found hitting the amalgam on #19?

Back 128

DB cusp

Front 129

When etching the tooth before composite restoration how long should the acid be in contact with the tooth prior to rinsing it off?

Back 129

¼ min

Front 130

When restoring the occlusal of a mandibular second molar ___________ cusps are functional in centric occlusion.

Back 130

MB and DB

Front 131

Where do you place the retention grooves for class 3?

Back 131

NOWHERE!! (do NOT place grooves incisally/gingivally)

Front 132

While placing the class 2 composite restoration the most difficult thing to achieve is?

Back 132

contact with adjacent tooth (NOT reproducing decent anatomy)

Front 133

You did a #14MO amalgam. One year later on xray you discover recurrent decay at the gingival margin. You did not properly complete which step of the cavity prep?

Back 133

margination

Front 134

You’re about to restore #19MO #20 MO #21 MO. What order should you place the restoration in?

Back 134

ANS: 21 20 19.

Front 135

You’re about to restore 3 teeth in the maxillary left quadrant. Which tooth is most difficult in preventing gingival excess?

Back 135

maxillary first premolar #12

Front 136

Can medically treat non-cavitated caries due to buffering of saliva in all GV Black’s classifications except?

Back 136

lingual surface of #9 Can treat med. on: #5F 14M 9D

Front 137

1. What is enamel prism (rod) decussation?
a. relates to mineralization density
b. determines the shape of the tooth
c. an anti-crack propagating feature
d. none of the choices

Back 137

C.

Front 138

2. What is the one difference in cavity design for an amalgam versus a composite slot preparation?
a. Gingival extension
b. Extension onto the occlusal surface
c. Margination
d. Retention grooves

Back 138

D.

Front 139

3. There is D2 decay on both M & D of the tooth #14. The patient is low caries risk. The decay is also present in both occlusal fossaes. The decay does not undermine the oblique ridge. You should:
a. Cross the oblique ridge
b. Cut two slot preps
c. Cut two class II preps
d. Do not do treatment now, observe for 6 months

Back 139

C

Front 140

6. The facial wall of a class III prep parallels the lingual surface of the tooth. The facial wall most always break contact with the adjacent tooth.
1. The first statement is true; the second is false
2. The first statement is false the second is true
3. Both are true
4. Both are false

Back 140

D

Front 141

7. Polymerization shrinkage effects can be reduced by:
1. A prep designed to maximize cavity wall orientation to be in the plan of the enamel rod direction
2. Banking of composite resin against prepared surfaces
3. Using flowable composite, overlayed with a heavily filled mini hybrid composite
4. Polymerizing in layers of not more than 2mm thinkness
5. Banking the composite resin against prepared surfaces and polymerization in layers of not more than 2mm thinkness

Back 141

5.

Front 142

8. A line angle is where two surfaces come together. All line angles are rounded.
1. The first statement is true; the second is false
2. The first statement is false the second is true
3. Both are true
4. Both are false

Back 142

Both are True

Front 143

9. You placed and MO amalgam restoration on #30 one week ago. The patient returns complaining of pain on biting. Upon examination you find that the restoration has fractured at the isthmus. What is the most likely cause?
1. Failure to bevel the axial-pulpal line angle
2. Failure to bevel the gingival cavosurface margin
3. The axial depth is to great
4. The pulpal depth is to great
5. The omission of a liner

Back 143

1.

Front 144

10. After completing the insertion of a class II amalgam restoration, the correct sequence for the removal of the rubber dam is:
1. rubber dam frame
2. cutting interseptal rubber
3. clamp
4. rubber dam
a. 1, 3, 2, 4
b. 1, 2, 3, & 4
c. 2 then 1, 3, & 4 simultaneously
d. 3, 2 then 1 & 4 simultaneously

Back 144

C

Front 145

11. To provide resistance in the proximal box of a class II, the gingival floor should be placed in what position?
1. Parallel to the long axis of the tooth
2. Below the contact point
3. Perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth
4. At gingival level

Back 145

3.

Front 146

12. The instrument of to round the axio-pulpal angle for a DO amalgam preparation in tooth #19 has the following formula
1. 10-87-7-15
2. 10-83-7-15
3. 13-93-9-15
4. 10-97-7-15
5. 10-7-15

Back 146

4.

Front 147

13. In order for rubber dam clamps to stay in place on a tooth, they must:
1. He tied it down with dental floss
2. Kdlkflkf
3. Dental floss tied to the clamp and the rubber dam frame
4. Pass over both the lingual and facial heights of contour

Back 147

4.

Front 148

14. A patient has caries on the cusp tip of tooth #19. What class(es) could this be?
1. Class II
2. Class III
3. Class IV
4. Class V
5. Class VI
1. 1 only
2. 4 only
3. 1 or 4
4. 3 or 5
5. 5 only

Back 148

Class VI????

Front 149

15. Radiographic examination of a sixteen yr old male reveals a carious lesion on the distal surface of tooth #29. You elect to restore the tooth with amalgam. The ideal axial depth is
1. 1.0 mm
2. 1.3 mm
3. 1.5mm
4. 2.0mm
5. 2.5mm

Back 149

1.0mm because it's a premolar

Front 150

16. What is the best indicator in determining that a patient is a high risk for caries?
1. The presence of cavitated lesions
2. The frequency that a person ingests carbohydrates
3. The amount of plaque on their teeth
4. The genetics or family history
5. None of the choices

Back 150

1.

Front 151

17. Class I amalgam preparation on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth should be at least 1.3mm wide faciolingually. Resistance form for this preparation dictates that the gingival cavosurface margin should be flat
1. The first statement is true; the second is false
2. The first statement is false the second is true
3. Both are true
4. Both are false

Back 151

4.

Front 152

18. Use of the rubber dam is
1. Beneficial to the patient
2. Beneficial to the dentist
3. Not mandatory if the patient has respiratory problems
4. All of the above

Back 152

4.

Front 153

19. Radiographic examination of a 42 year old female patient reveals a carious lesion on the mesial surface of tooth #14. You elect to restore the tooth with amalgam. The ideal axial depth of the proximal box of this prep should be about:
1. .8-1.8mm
2. 1.0-1.3mm
3. 1.7-2mm
4. 2.0-2.5mm

Back 153

2

Front 154

20. A patient presents to you office who has worn almost through his/her enamel on the occlusal surfaces. You need to place an amalgam on the occlusal surface of tooth #15 which has 1/2mm of enamel left. Which statements are true:
1. the pulpal floor should be perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth
2. the amalgam must extend at least 0.5mm into dentin
3. the amalgam must be at least 1.7mm in thickness
4. the pulpal floor of the prep will need to be at least 1.5mm into dentin
a. 1,2,3
b. 1,3,4
c. 1,2
d. 3,4
e. 3 only

Back 154

a.

Front 155

21. A hand instrument with the formula 13-93-9-13 has a blade with a
1. Width of 13mm
2. Length of 13mm
3. Cutting edge that creates a 93 degree angle with the handle
4. Length of 9mm

Back 155

3.

Front 156

22. Convenience (access) form may be defined as that shape of the cavity prep which
1. Helps retain the restoration
2. Facilitates preps and restoration
3. Best hastens prep time
4. Bests resist the forces of mastication

Back 156

2.

Front 157

23. In the classic class II G.V. black preparation, you must break contact facially and lingually in the proximal must diverge occlusal- gingivally.
1. The first statement is true; the second is false
2. The first statement is false the second is true
3. Both are true
4. Both are false

Back 157

3.

Front 158

24. You have just completed a class V composite prep on a #4 half on enamel and half on dentin. For margination and retention you should:
1. Bevel all the margins
2. Bevel the occlusal enamel and place a retention groove gingivally
3. Place retention groove gingivally and occlusally
4. Bevel the enamel

Back 158

4.

Front 159

25. A carious lesion exists in the mesial and distal fossa of tooth #14. There is decay under the oblique ridge. The outline form of your prep will:
1. Include a distal wall which slightly undercuts the DL cusp
2. Include an axial wall which is 0.5 mm deep
3. Cross the oblique ridge
4. Have both a mesial and distal occlusal box
5. Have two separate preps

a. 1 & 2
b. 1 & 3
c. 3 only
d. 4 & 5

Back 159

c.

Front 160

26. When preparing a molar for two surface class II restoration, the uninvolved proximal wall ideally creates a 6 degree obtuse angle with respect to the pulpal floor. What step is this in cavity preparation?
a. margination
b. retention form
c. resistance form
d. convenience form

Back 160

c.

Front 161

28. Maxillary Class III composite preparation are never beveled around the lingual portion of the preparation. Contact must be broken gingivally.
a. the first statement is true; the second is false
b. the first statement is false; the second true
c. both statement are false
d. both statement are true

Back 161

d.

Front 162

29. Which of the following types of cavity preparation would have the highest “C” factors and thus have the potential for internal debonds when restored when composite ?
a. Class II with minimal occlusal extention
b. Class V with M,F,G, and O walls
c. Lingual approach Class III
d. Class IV of #8
e. All the choices have the same “C” factor

Back 162

b.

Front 163

30. Resistance form may be defined as:
a. that shape of the prep which helps retain the restoration
b. that shape of the prep which facilitates prep and restoration
c. that shape of the prep which best hastens preparation time
d. the part of the prep that best resists the forces of mastication

Back 163

d.

Front 164

31. A bevel placed at the cavosurface of a class III composite prep on tooth #10 is:
a. .5mm wide
b. at a 45 degree angle
c. 1.0mm wide
d. at a 55 degree angle
e. not necessary

Back 164

e.

Front 165

32. When placing a rubber dam on tooth #29, the rubber dam should extend from
a. second molar to the central incisor in the same quadrant
b. second molar to one tooth passed the midline
c. first premolar to first premolar
d. third molar to one tooth passed the midline

Back 165

b.

Front 166

34. Whether employing a two or three body abrasive method for polishing composites, which of the following is true of the abrasive?
1. must have a hardness at least equal to the hardness of the matrix resin.
2. must have a hardness greater than the hardness of the matrix resin
3. must have a hardness greater than the hardness of the rediopaque glass filler particles
4. must have a hardness greater than the hardness of the radiopaque metal particles

Back 166

3.

Front 167

36.the fourth number of there four numbers on a rectilinear instrument represents
1. the angle the entire blade makes with the handle
2. the cutting endge in tenths of a millimeter
3. the angle the cutting edge makes with the handle
4. the length of the blade in millimeters

Back 167

1.

Front 168

37. when restoring the occlusal of a mandibular second molar, which cusp is not functional in centric occlusion?
a. the mesiobuccal cusp
b. the distobuccal cusp
c. ML cusp
d. D cusp

Back 168

c.

Front 169

38. You entered an operatory where an operative procedure was just completed. On the bracket tray you notice a 10-97-7-15 instrument has been used. The dentist probably just completed which of the following?
a. an MO preparation on # 29
b. a DO prep. On # 29
c. an MO prep. On # 30
d. an MO prep. # 3

Back 169

B

Front 170

39. Polymerization shrinkage is thought to contribute to all of the following is resin composites restorations except?
a. margin straining
b. post- operative hypersensitive
c. secondary caries
d. cracking in enamel
e. occlusal wear

Back 170

e.

Front 171

The term that best describes removing unsupported enamel is

a. beveling
b. planning
c. preparing

Back 171

b.

Front 172

41.a patient presents with Class V caries on the facial of tooth # 12 that is subgingival. What is the best means to achieve a dry field?
1. retraction cord
2. rubber dam
3. butterfly rubber dam clamp
4. not possible to achieve

A. 3
B. 2
C. 1,2 and 3
D. 4

Back 172

C.

Front 173

42. Which tooth crown has a concavity that may compromise matrix band adaptation?
A. 5
B. 4
C. 15
D. 20
E. none

Back 173

A.

Front 174

43. you have just completed a Do restoration on tooth # 14. due to the ? of the caries, the gingival floor is gingival to the cemento- enamel junction. What instrument should be used to finish this gingival floor?
A. 10-7-15
B. 10-97-7-15
C. 10-83-7-15
D. 10-87-7-15

Back 174

A.

Front 175

44. The prep. For Class V amalgam should include

1. planning the gingival portion of the enamel
2. having a flat axial wall
3. mesial and distal walls that are at the right angles with the axial wall
4. beveling the occlusal portion of the enamel

A. 1 and 4
B. 1 and 3
C. 3 and 4
D. 2
E. 3

Back 175

E.

Front 176

45. the angle created at the junction of the lingual wall and the pulpal floor of an occlusal class I amalgam preparation should
A. be slightly acute or at 90 degree
B. be slightly obtuse or at 90 degree
C. approx. 98 deg.
D. Approx. 82 deg.
E. None

Back 176

A.

Front 177

46. You are a left handed dentist and you must plane the gingival margin for a DO prep. What rectilinear instrument would you use?
A. 13-97-9-15
B. 10-97-7-15
C. 10-83-7-15
D. 10-87-7-15

Ans. B

Back 177

B.

Front 178

47. why is dam inversion important?
A. to prevent negative pressure from sulcular fluid
B. to prevent positive pressure from suluclar fluid
C. to prevent the dam from slipping
D. to place the dam past contact point

Back 178

B.

Front 179

48. in an ideal Class III preparation the Outline from should
A. be semicircular n shape
B. converge towards the access
C. converge away from the access
D. cross the marginal ridge

Back 179

B.

Front 180

49. incipient caries has been detected by radiograph on the mesial of tooth #3. The location of the carries lesion is probably
A. facial to the contact area
B. lingual to the contact area
C. gingival to the contact area
D. occlusal to the contact area

Back 180

C.

Front 181

50. the tapering form in the proximal box is what step of cavity prep?
A. outline form
B. retention form
C. resistance form
D. access from

Back 181

B.

Front 182

51. what class of cavity preparation may you leave unsupported enamel?
A. I
B. II
C. III
D. IV
E. None

Back 182

C.

Front 183

52. the order of steps prior t o placing a Class III is
1. rubber dam
2. shade selection
3. acid etch
4. composite
5. bonding agent

A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B. 1, 3, 5, 2, 4
C. 2, 1, 3, 5, 4
D. 3, 5, 2, 1, 4

Back 183

C.

Front 184

53. a flat gingival floor is which step of cavity preparation?
A. outline form
B. B. resistance form
C. Retention
D. Access form.

Back 184

C.

Front 185

55. you have just prepared tooth # 13 for an MO amalgam restoration. There are no molars present in that quadrant. Holding the rubber dam in place could best be accomplished by
A. placing a clamp on tooth # 13
B. placing a clamp on tooth #12
C. tying # 13 down with dental floss
D. trying #13 down with dental floss
E. using no clamp
F. E. using a Tofflemire retainer on tooth # 13

Back 185

E.

Front 186

57 . what is the best suited rectilinear instrument to smooth the pulpal floor for an amalgam preparation?
A hatchet
B excavator
C hoe
D 1536 burr
E none of the choices

Back 186

C.

Front 187

58. the appropriate hand instrument used to place the gingival cavosurface margin on the distal of tooth # 19 has the formula
a 10-97-7-15
b 13-9-15
c 10-83-7-15
d 10-7-15

Back 187

A.

Front 188

59. What is an example of a smooth surface caries
1 class I
2. class II
3. class III
4. class V


a I only
b. 1 and 2
c. 1 and 3
D. 2,3, and 4
E. 3 and 4

Back 188

D.

Front 189

60. in a classic class II preparation, retention is accomplished by parallel walls in the proximal box. The occlusal portion has acute angles facial-lingually.
a. the second statement is true the first statement is false
b. the first statement is true, the second is false
c. both statement are true
d. both statement are false

Back 189

C.

Front 190

61. There a fracture of the MI of tooth #10. What is the G.V. black classification of the restoration that will replace the missing tooth structure.

a. I
b. II
c. III
d.IV
e. VI

Back 190

d.

Front 191

where do you place retention groove (s) for a class III preparation?
A. incinally
B. gingivally
c. both incinally and gingivally
d. none of the choices

Back 191

d.

Front 192

63. wedges may be used to accompany wich of the following?
a. adapt the gingial portions of the matrix band to the tooth
b. stabilize the tofflencire band
c. prevent amagum entrusion which will form overlaings
d. re-establish the proximal contact
e all of the above are correct

Back 192

e.

Front 193

64. you are preparing a class V on a natural tooth. How is retention accomplished for an amalgam restoratives?
a. Retention groove gingivally
b. retention groove occlusally
c. no retention grooves
d. retention groove gingivally and retention groove occlusally
e. bonding

Back 193

d.

Front 194

65. in a classic surface amalgam class II preparation, the outline form should
1. be 1.3 mm when measured at the narrowest position on the occlusal
2. just break contact facially, lingually and gingivally in the proximal box
3. be in the middle ½ mesio-distally
4. maintain the integrity of the opposite marginal ridge
5. go half way up the major grooves occlusally
a. 3 and 5
b. 2 and 5
c. 2 and 4
d. 3 and 4

Back 194

c.

Front 195

66. what is the cause of abfraction?
a. flexion of the tooth due to occlusal loading
b. tooth brush abrasion
c. chemicals
d. caries

Back 195

a.

Front 196

67. a reason for pre-wedging is to get separation between adjoining teeth. Thus you will be able to:
A. get better contact for restoration
B. prevent overhang
C. make it easier to place a matrix
D. mold the interproximal restoration.

Back 196

A.

Front 197

68. what is the primary reason the dental amalgam is being removed from usage in some counties?
A. mercury from dental amalgam can cause neurological problems
B. mercury from dental amalgam is teratogen
C. mercury from amalgam scraps is an environmental pollutant
D. mercury in the elemental from released from dental amalgam is very toxic

Back 197

C.

Front 198

69. adhesion to etched enamel depends primary upon all the following except?
A. large surface are of etched enamel
B. formation of covalent bonds between the resin and the hydroxiapetite crystals on the surface
C. close adaptation of the resin to the enamel surface
D. high surface energy of the etched enamel which promotes high surface energy
E. penetration of resin into the structure around and in the enamel rods.

Back 198

B.

Front 199

70. How is saliva important in limiting or reducing the potential for caries?
A. dissolves the plaque
B . increases the Ph of saliva
C. removes of washes away bacteria
D. dilutes the sugar content in the mouth

Back 199

B.

Front 200

71. The parallel arrangement of enamel rods as they approach the outer surface of the enamel creates a structure that
A. has the highest hardness of the surface
B. directs cracks along the rods into the surface
C. has the highest wear resistant
D. has the highest elastic moduleus
E. all of the above

Back 200

E.

Front 201

75. under trituration of dental amalgams results in all of the following except?
a. low concentration of gamma two phase
b a dry crumbly mass difficult to remain in an amalgam carrier
c. voids in the condensed mass
d. lack of adaptation to preparation walls
e. slow setting and difficult to condense

Back 201

A.

Front 202

76. The decay pattern of class I will have the base of the V at the enamel surface. The decay pattern of class III will have of the V at the enamel surface

a. the first state is true: the 2nd is false
b. 1st is false: 2nd true
c. both true
d. both false

Back 202

a.

Front 203

77. u are preparing a maxillary molar for an ideal Class V restoration that will have all margins finished on enamel. The axial depth for this preparation will be:
a. 1 mm both occlusion/ incisally and gingivally
b. 1mm occlusal/ incisally, 1.5mm gingivally
c. 1.5 both occlusal/incisally and gingivally
d. 1.5 mm occlusal/ incusally, 1mm gingivally

Back 203

d.

Front 204

78. what instruments must u always have out when examining a patient.
a. tweezers and mirror
b. mirror and explorer
c. tweezers, mirror and explorer
d. college pliers, mirror and explorer

Back 204

d.

Front 205

79. how long should the acid be in contact with tooth structure prior to rinsing off?
a. 1 minute
b. 1/2 of a min
c. ¼ of a min
d. 1/60 of a min

Back 205

c.

Front 206

80. in a class V composite preparation that is entirely on enamel, which of the following statements is/ are true?
1. bevel the apical portion
2. bevel the occlusal portion
3. the bevel should be at a 45 degree angle
4. bevel the mesial and distal portions
a. 1 only
b. 2 and 3
c. 2 and 4
d. 1 and 4
e. All of the choices.

Back 206

e.

Front 207

81. as OL preparation of tooth #3 is an ex of a
a. class 1 simple cavity
b. class 1 compound cavity
c. class II compound cavity
d. class II simple cavity

Back 207

b.

Front 208

82. non carious loss of tooth structure includes all of the following except?
A. abrasion
B. erosion
C. cavitation
D. abfraction

Back 208

C.

Front 209

83. when checking the occlusion with articulating paper on tooth #30, a high spot in observed on the amalgam in the central fossa. Which cusp is prematurely hitting the amalgam?
A. mesiobuccal cusp 3
B. distal cusp 3
C. distolingual cusp 3
D. mesiobuccal cusp 4
E. mesiolingual cusp 3

Back 209

E.

Front 210

84. in a contemporary class II amalgam, how would u treat the proximal box?
1. break facial contact
2. break gingival contact
3. not break lingual contact
4 place retention groves
5. plane unsupported rods gingivally
a. 1,2 and 3
b 2, 3, 4, and 5
c. 1, 2, 4 and 5
d 4 only

Back 210

b.

Front 211

85. decussating of enamel rods bundles in human teeth provide a structure
a. that limits cracks from DEJ to the enamel surface
b. to fill space with limited number of ameloblasts
c that limits cracks from the surface from reaching the dej
d that limits cracks to being parallel to the incisal/ occlusal plane
e. that limits cracks from the dej to the enamel surface and that limits cracks to being parallel to the incisal/ occlusal plane

Back 211

e.

Front 212

86. which of the following is / are components of retention.
a. at least 1-1.3 mm axial depth
b. at least 2 mm of amalgam
c. parallel walls in proximal box
d. a and c
e. b and c

Back 212

c.

Front 213

87. undercuts are placed in some cavity preparations as a means for mechanical retention. When indicated are placed, undercuts must always be placed:
1. ½ mm from dentin-enamel junction
2. in dentin
3. in enamel
4. at the dentin-enamel junction
A 1 and 2
B 1 and 4
C 2 only
D 2 and 4
E 1 and 4

Back 213

A

Front 214

88. what areas of a class II prep provide a portion of the resistance form?
a. axial wall
b. rounded axial-pulpal line angle
c. pulpal floor
d. axial wall and pulpal floor
e. rounded axial-pulpal line angle and pulpal floor.

Back 214

e.

Front 215

89. what is the most frequent cause of xerostomia
a. hereditary factors
b. diet
c. drugs
d. systemic disease
e. trauma

Back 215

c.

Front 216

90. the facial and lingual walls of the proximal box of a class II amalgam prep
1. diverge towards the gingival margin
2. are planned
3. are strictly internal walls
4. are parallel
A. 1 and 2
B. 1 and 3
C. 2, 3 and 4
D. 1 and 4
E. 2 and 4

Back 216

D.

Front 217

91. the pulpal wall is perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth. The axial wall is parallel to the long axis of the tooth.
a. both statements are false
b. both are true
c. 1st true, 2nd false
d. 1st false, 2 nd true

Back 217

b.

Front 218

93. in long term clinical studies of dental amalgam, what formulations provide the best clinical results with regard to longevity and reduced margin fracture?
a. low copper alloys with low gamma two phase compositions
b. high copper alloys without zinc
c. low cupper alloys with zinc and high gamma two phase compositions
d. high copper alloys with zinc
e. low copper alloys with palladium

Back 218

D.

Front 219

94. on x-rays u observe decay on the D surface of #3 that has penetrated into dentin. During the prep of DO on this tooth u do not see the decay. What did u not do?
a. extend the prep further gingivally
b. extend the prep further pulpally
c. extend the prep further axially
d. break contact facially and lingually

Back 219

a.

Front 220

95. what is the primary reason for the condensation of triturated dental amalgam in a prep?
a. reduce mercury to alloy ration and eliminate the gamma phase
b. eliminate internal voids in the amalgam which reduce strength and leads to bulk fracture?
c. Eliminate copper from the final set mass?
d. Provide a seal at cavity walls and margin

Back 220

d.

Front 221

96. what is the most common long term reason for failure of amalgam restoration?
a. 2nd caries
b. bulk fracture
c. amalgam expansion and tooth fracture
d. margin breakdown resulting in ditched margins

Back 221

b.

Front 222

97. u are about to prep tooth 30 for an MO restoration. After placing a rubber dam, what is the next step?
a. placing a wedge to get separation
b. placing a matrix band between on tooth 29 and 30
c. prep 30
d. anesthesia

Back 222

b.

Front 223

98. the beveling of the axio- pulpal line angle is a feature of what step of cavity prep?
a. outline form
b. resistance form
c. retention form
d. margination

Back 223

b.

Front 224

99. u place an MO amalgam restoration on #14. at one year u take a new radiograph and discover recurrent decay at the gingival margin. The probable cause is not properly competing with step of cavity prep?
a. outline form
b. resistance form
c. retension form
d. access form
e. margination

Back 224

e.

Front 225

100. what is the reason for removing unsupported enamel in amalgam prep?
a. aesthetics
b. to break contact with the adjacent tooth
c. tp prevent recurrent decay
d. one of the seven steps of cavity preps.

Back 225

c.

Front 226

What are the elements of amalgam?

Back 226

Ag, Sn, Cu, and Zn + Hg

Front 227

What are the components of amalgam?

Back 227

It's a mix of allow (Ag-Sn) and Hg

Front 228

What does silver do with amalgam?

Back 228

increases the mechanical resistance and and delay shiny appearance loss and corrosion

Front 229

What does tin do in amalgam?

Back 229

reduces the expansion, facilitates amalgamation, reduces hardening time

Front 230

What does copper do with amalgam?

Back 230

increases the hardness and the mechanical resistance of the amalgam

Front 231

What does zinc do with amalgam?

Back 231

Antioxidant; expansion

Front 232

What are the 3 classifications of amalgams based on composition?

Back 232

1. Traditional
2. High Copper Content
3. High copper content (single composition)
4. without Zinc

Front 233

Traditional Low Copper

Back 233

Ag 65%
Sn 29%
Cu 6%
Zn 2%

Front 234

Traditional low copper amalgam setting reaction

Back 234

Ag3Sn + Hg -->
(gamma)

Ag2Hg3 + Sn7/8Hg
(gamma 1) (Gamma 2)

+ Ag3Sn
(gamma)

Front 235

What is a problem with traditional low copper amalgam?

Back 235

1. Problem is Gamma 2 Phase, which is corrosion prone
2. Expansion results from Hg release and re-reaction with γ phase
3. Has margin breakdown
4. Lower Strength

Front 236

The High copper content (admixed alloy) has how much copper?

Back 236

9-20%

Front 237

The high copper content (admixed alloy) has 2 reactions, what are they?

Back 237

First reaction:

Ag3Sn + AgCu + Hg -->
(gamma)

Ag2Hg3 + Sn7/8Hg
(gamma 1) (Gamma 2)

+ Ag3Sn + AgCu
(gamma)

Second reaction:

Sn7/8Hg + AgCu
(gamma 2)

-->

CuSn5 + Ag2Hg3
(eta) (gamma 1)

Front 238

In high copper (single composition) is there a gamma 2 phase?

Back 238

No

Front 239

high copper (single composition) amalgam reaction

Back 239

Ag3Sn + Cu3Sn + Hg
(Gamma) (epsilon)

-->

Ag2Hg3 + Cu6Sn5 +
(Gamma 1) (eta)

Ag3Sn + Cu3Sn
(Gamma) (epsilon)

Front 240

What are the high copper (single composition) alloy particles?

Back 240

Ag, Sn, and Cu

alloy particles + Hg = AgHg + CuSn +non reactive particles

Front 241

What is good about not having zinc in amalgams?

Back 241

it's without late expansion

Front 242

What is bad about not having zinc in amalgams?

Back 242

more brittle, less plastic, and more corrosion prone.

Front 243

Why does zinc cause late expansion in amalgam?

Back 243

Moisture contamination Zinc + water leads to zinc oxide and may have late expansion and cause dental cracks because of the pressure.

Front 244

Excess mercury causes? and a lack of mercury causes?

Back 244

1. a decrease in the physical and mechanical properties
2. an increase causes porosity, rough, dry, and irregular surface

Front 245

The necessity to remove excess Hg is only in what phase?

Back 245

condensing phase

Front 246

What particles need less Hg?

Back 246

spheroidal particles

Front 247

Trituration capsules

Back 247

§Trituration capsules contain alloy powder
§Hg in compartment
§Activated before or during mixing
§Pestle

Front 248

Proper Trituration

Back 248

§Adequate plasticity for
§Pick-up in amalgam carrier
§Adaptation to cavity walls
§Minimal voids in mass a7er condensation
§Adequate working time
§3-4 minutes from start of trituration
NEVER PUSH THE WORKING TIME – MAKE ANOTHER MIX FOR LARGE RESTORATIONS !!!

Front 249

Under Trituration

Back 249

§Dry crumbly mix
§Difficult to pick-up and condense
§Strength reduced with voids during condensation
§Slow setting (usually)

Front 250

Overtrituration

Back 250

Shiny plastic mass that clings to pestle or in trituration capsule
§Difficult to condense = too plastic
§Sets rapidly

Front 251

What amalgam do we use at NYUCD?

Back 251

Valiant PhD – XT (extended working time)

§Dispersed phase alloy = combination of lathe fillings and spheres §Hg:Alloy Ratio 0.94:1
§Working (condensation) time = 4 min


Front 252

What is the Recommended trituration time for Valiant PhD-XT with ProMix amalgamator?

Back 252

single 7-9 seconds
Double 9-10 seconds

Front 253

What factors influence dimensional alterations of amalgam?

Back 253

1. Hg/fillings proportion
2. Condensation pressure
3. Milling time

Front 254

Miller’s Acid Decalcification Theory of Dental Caries

Back 254

Step 1: Mixed bacteria resident in the mouth produce acid from fermentable
carbohydrate

Step 2: The acid produced dissolves tooth mineral to initiate and sustain cavity producing process

Front 255

Dental Embryology

Back 255

Enamel Crystals begin to be deposited at the DEJ secreted by the ameloblast from the DEJ to the tooth surface in ribbon like enamel crystals.

Enamel crystals are laid down by the Tomes’ process. The enamel crystals mature to hydroxyapetite and is laid down in “rod” format in the shape of a “C” axis parallel to each other.


Front 256

What is the critical enamel pH?

Back 256

Critical plaque pH= 5.5
below= demineralization- mineral loss above= remineralization- mineral gain
Caries is a dissolution process!

Front 257

What is the critical dentin pH?

Back 257

6.2

Front 258

Treatment alternatives when treating a dental carious lesion.

Back 258

Plaque Control-remove the etiology Remineralize/Fluoride Therapy
Class V treat with minimally invasive prep Slot Preparation/Sealant
Conventional Class II Preparation

Front 259

How does tooth form?

Back 259

Teeth are created from four or five enamel organs depositing enamel independently.
The independent cusps coalesce in the formation of the “groove”.
Some grooves are well coalesced,
some are partially coalesced some are wide open!

Front 260

What are the treatment choices with groove caries?

Back 260

Do nothing and observe
Sealant
Minimal invasive occlussal composite and sealant
Full groove composite Full groove amalgam

Front 261

Maxillary Arch is a Parabolic from?

Back 261

canine to canine

Front 262

Canine to MB of 1st molar is a straight line in?

Back 262

maxillary arch.

Front 263

DB of Max 1st molar to 3rd molar is a?

Back 263

straight line.

Front 264

Mandibular arch is smaller than the maxillary arch and the central grooves of the posteriors are in a?

Back 264

straight line.

Front 265

Horizontal =

Back 265

overlap

Front 266

Vertical =

Back 266

overbite

Front 267

Overjet =

Back 267

Horizontal Overbite – both facial of upper teeth and lingual of lower teeth.

Front 268

Overbite =

Back 268

vertical overlap – refers to anterior teeth. Facial of maxillary teeth.

Front 269

Maxillary arch is

Back 269

convex and the mandibular arch is concave.

Front 270

Curve of Wilson is

Back 270

the mediolateral compensating curve.

Front 271

Anterior-posterior compensating curve is

Back 271

the Curve of Spee.

Front 272

Proximal contact areas do what?

Back 272

protect gingival papilla stabilizes the dental arches reduces susceptibility to caries and prevents food impaction.

Front 273

The ideal position and height of lingual cusps of Mandibular 1st molar accommodates?

Back 273

working movement.

Front 274

Why do we have marginal ridges?

Back 274

To deflect the food away from the interproximal areas. The height of contour on the facial and lingual is used to deflect food away from the gum.

Front 275

Missing tooth can cause?

Back 275

Mesial and distal drifting of the teeth that were proximal to it and it can also allow for super-eruption.

Front 276

Incisal 2/3 are vertical when you set denture teeth and in the natural dentition and generally when we talk about inclination it is with respect to the?

Back 276

root.

Front 277

If the crown inclines facial then the root inclines to the?

Back 277

lingual.

Front 278

If the crown inclines to the mesial then the root inclines to the?

Back 278

distal.

Front 279

From the view of the sagittal plane

Back 279

the axial crown inclination of anterior teeth inclines?, Facially and the roots lingually.

Front 280

Maxillary central incisors have the greatest inclination facially followed by?

Back 280

max. lateral incisors, and mandibular incisors.

Front 281

All teeth tilt facially with their roots lingual except?

Back 281

The mandibular 2nd premolars and mandibular molars.

Front 282

What teeth are called the straightest teeth in the mouth?

Back 282

Premolars

Front 283

All teeth tilt mesially except?

Back 283

maxillary central incisors and mandibular central and lateral incisors.

Front 284

The maxillary canines have the greatest?

Back 284

mesial tilt.

Front 285

All mandibular and maxillary teeth have a distal root inclination except?

Back 285

Maxillary central incisors.

Front 286

Mandibular Posterior teeth roots are inclined

Back 286

FACIALLY, with their crowns inclined LINGUALLY

Front 287

Maxillary posterior teeth roots are inclined

Back 287

LINGUALLY, with their crowns inclined FACIALLY.

Front 288

Centric occlusion=CO=

Back 288

maximum intercuspal position. Habitual position and acquired position.

Front 289

Outer table is facial to?

Back 289

facial cusps

Front 290

Inner table is between?

Back 290

the cusps

Front 291

Outer table is lingual to?

Back 291

lingual cusps

Front 292

The inner occlusal table is basically for which cusps?

Back 292

the supporting cusps and the outer occlusal table is basically for the guiding cusps.

Front 293

In the intercuspal position which anterior tooth has potential of contacting both anterior and posterior antagonists?

Back 293

Maxillary canine and Mandibular 1st premolar is the other tooth, but it is a posterior tooth.

Front 294

All teeth have two antagonists except?

Back 294

Maxillary 3rd molars and mandibular central incisors.

Front 295

Mandibular teeth are located ½ cusp

Back 295

anterior of maxillary teeth.

Front 296

The two classification of cusps are?

Back 296

supporting and guiding.

Front 297

The side shift of the mandible is known as?

Back 297

BENNETT movement.

Front 298

The nonworking condyle moves?

Back 298

Downward FWD and medial.

Front 299

The upper compartment of TMJ is?

Back 299

that space between the disc and the articular fossa and eminence.

Front 300

When viewed from the occlusal the arrangement of the teeth are

Back 300

parabolic.

Front 301

When viewed from the occlusal the 4 posterior teeth in the mandibular arch are aligned in a

Back 301

straight line.

Front 302

The thickest section of the articular disc when seen in the sagittal plane is the

Back 302

posterior border.

Front 303

The occlusal table of a posterior tooth makes up _____________of the total facio lingual dimension.

Back 303

55-65%

Front 304

Anterior guidance plays the greatest role in discluding the posterior teeth in?

Back 304

latero-protrusive.

Front 305

Ligaments associated with TMJ serve to?

Back 305

protect surrounding and supporting tissues from damage.

Front 306

Centric relation is a what position?

Back 306

ligament guided position.

Front 307

The physiological rest position is established when the mastication muscles are in?

Back 307

tonic equilibrium

Front 308

The overjet and overbite provide some degree of protection for?

Back 308

lips cheeks and tongue.

Front 309

The principle muscles that retrude the mandible are the?

Back 309

posterior fibers of the temporalis.

Front 310

The temporomandibular ligament limits the extent of?

Back 310

jaw opening

Front 311

The temporomandibular ligament initiates?

Back 311

translation of the condyle down the articular eminence.

Front 312

Bennett movement occurs during the earliest stage of?

Back 312

lateral movement.

Front 313

Lateral pterygoid muscles are primarily responsible for?

Back 313

protrusive movement.

Front 314

The curve of spee is?

Back 314

the anterior posterior curvature of the occlusal surfaces as seen in a facial view.

Front 315

The right lateral pterygoid is the prime mover in?

Back 315

effecting a left working movement.

Front 316

TMJ has 2 what?

Back 316

synovial cavities.

Front 317

The condyle on the working side generally rotates about a vertical axis and translates?

Back 317

laterally

Front 318

The BENNETT MOVEMENT is the bodily shift of the mandible toward the?

Back 318

working condyle.

Front 319

The TMJ is protected by?

Back 319

synovial fluid fibrocartilage ligament suspension and masticatory muscles.

Front 320

The disk of the TMJ is moved fwd principally?

Back 320

by the lateral pterygoid.

Front 321

Physiological rest position is a?

Back 321

muscle guide position.

Front 322

Teeth are in contact in intercuspal position during?

Back 322

NON masticatory swallowing.

Front 323

Contraction of the lateral pterygoid produces?

Back 323

fwd movement of the condyle from the articular fossa.

Front 324

The physiological rest position is also known as?

Back 324

Postural Position.

Front 325

In Posselt’s envelope of motion maximum intercuspal position is the most?

Back 325

superior point.

Front 326

The glenoid fossa is a depression in the temporal bone just anterior to?

Back 326

the auditory canal.

Front 327

The lateral pterygoid muscle is NOT an elevator of?

Back 327

the mandible.

Front 328

Usual overjet is how man mm?

Back 328

2-4mm.

Front 329

Physiological rest position occurs when the mastication muscles are in?

Back 329

tonic equilibrium.

Front 330

When the mandible moves from CO to edge to edge the condyles move?

Back 330

FWD and downward.

Front 331

Working side =

Back 331

laterotrusive → latero-protrusive

Front 332

Non working side =

Back 332

mediotrusive/balancing

Front 333

Protrusive movement is for?

Back 333

biting.

Front 334

Retrusive movement is for?

Back 334

non-functional movement.

Front 335

If arrow is on the maxilla →

Back 335

mandible is moving in that direction.

Front 336

If arrow is on the mandible →

Back 336

mandible is moving in opposite direction

Front 337

Lateral movement of the mandible =

Back 337

mandibular lateral translation

Front 338

2 synovial cavities are separated by?

Back 338

fibrocartilage

Front 339

Condyle articulates with the mandibular fossa by?

Back 339

zygoma in front of the ear.

Front 340

Clenching causes sensitivity near the?

Back 340

ear.

Front 341

If condyle is in front of articular eminence you can’t close the jaw. You need what to put it back in place?

Back 341

downward motion to put it back in place

Front 342

Angle class I malocclusion:

Back 342

could be crowded and with an overbite/overjet.

Front 343

Class II malocclusion

Back 343

the upper teeth are forward of normal occlusion.

Front 344

Class III malocclusion

Back 344

the lower teeth are forward normal occlusion.

Front 345

Centric occlusion is maximum?

Back 345

intercuspation.

Front 346

Centric relation is the most posterior position of the mandible relative to the maxilla with the mandible retruded maximally. It’s a what relationship?

Back 346

bone to bone relationship.

Front 347

Humans chew in a vertical-occlusal motion. We don’t operate solely on hinge axis b/c we can translate one side fwd while the other is?

Back 347

retruded.

Front 348

Teeth contact less than what % while chewing?

Back 348

50% while chewing.