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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Predictive Analysis
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uses infor and business analysis to build a predictive model for a given application
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Test analytics
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process of using statistical, artificial intelligence and linguistic techniques to convert info in textual sources into structured info (email, survey, etc)
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software agent
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small piece of software that acts on your behalf
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Autonomous agent
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can adapt and alter the manner in which it attempts to achieve its assigned task
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Distributed agent
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works on multiple distinct computer systems
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Mobile agent
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can relocate itself onto different computer systems
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Intelligent agents
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incorporates AI capabilities like learning and reasoning
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Biomimicry
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Learn how people based systems behave, predict how they will behave, improve human systems to make them more efficient and effective
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Swarm intelligence
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Collective behavior of groups of simple agents
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Operational feasibility
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does a decision fit the needs and mission of the organization
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economic feasibility
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Does a decision fit with the budget
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Technical feasibility
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Does it fit within employee skills, what about system maintenance
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Human factors feasiliby
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Is the decision accepted by staff
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Legal and political feasibility
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does it comply with laws?
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Systems design
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Once logical model is finished, translate into appropriate information technologies
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UI design
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User interface, keep end user in mind, get feedback from users to create clear, intuitive controls
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Data design
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User doesn't see it, analyst identifies the underlying structures of the system
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Process design
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Flow of application logic is determined; can't be overly complicated
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Prototyping
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Sample of final design, users try it and give feedback
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End-user development
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let users themselves create what they need; IT support is crucial!
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Component development
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Use existing pieces of development to combine their functionality to produce new output
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Systems development life cycle
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structured spproach for developing IS, Waterfall method
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Planning
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Define system to be developed, scope, and plan
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Analysis
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Gather business requirements, prioritize them
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Design stage
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Design technical architecture (hardware, software, telecommunications equipment), design system model, draw graphical representation of a design
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Development
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Build technical architecture, database and programs
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Testing
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Write test conditions, and perform testing (unit, system, integration, user acceptance)
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Implementation stage
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write detailed user documentation, provide training
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Maintenance
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Build helpdesk support, provide environment to support changeds
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Reliability
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how consistently a system performs
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Scalibility
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ability of a ssytem to meet increased service demands
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De-centralized
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share no systems between units, eaqch meets its own needs
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centralized
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all IT services are coordinate from one source; can be inflexible
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distributed model
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connect separate components at different locations or within different units
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Interoperability
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ability of 2 or more vomputer components to share info and resources, even if made by different manufacturers
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Request for proposal
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official request for bids from vendors
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Metrics
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measures used to indicate progress or quality
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Throughput
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amount of info that can pass through a system at once
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System aviailability
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measure of reliability; average amount of time a system is usable
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error rate
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number of mistakes a system generates per thousand or million transactions
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Transaction speed
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How fast the system operates, ie response time
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Effectiveness metrics
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CRM SCM Call center performance
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Financial metrics
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what is the financial impact
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Information systems
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Combination of implementing data storage, processing, and communicating hardware
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Information technology
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Entire process of collecting, storing, processing, securing, disseminating information, not just computers
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Management Information systems
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Use to manage business processes in a business/department for decision making, managing data, people, and projects
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Porter's Five Forces
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existing competition, threat of new entrants, power of buyers, power of suppliers, threat of substitution
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Cost leadership
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lower price for same or better quality than competitors
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Differentiation
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Offer a product that is new and different
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Focus
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target a specific customer segment with a certain type of product
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Systems Analysis
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Figures out how hardware, software, network, people, data, and information work together
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Strategic management
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focuses on overall direction and guidance
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Tactical management
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develops goals and strategies
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Operational management
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day to day operations
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Non-management
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perform daily tasks
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coarse granualrity
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info based on summaries of time periods; used by strategic management
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Topline competitive advantage
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focus on increasing revenue
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Synergy
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Where people, information, and technology come together
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Business Intelligence
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Collective info about customers, competitors, business partners, competitive environment, own internal operations; used to make effective strategic decisions
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Quality
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Timeliness, location, form, validity
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Upward information flow
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Moves from the actual information up to upper management. Ex, selling a product, flows to different departments
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Fine granularity
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Info based on specific details
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Downward information flow
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Directives from upper management
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Horizontal information flow
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Between departments and functional work teams
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Out/In information flow
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Info to and from customers, supplyers, partners; yields competitive advantage
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Internal
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specific operational aspects of an organization
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External
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What's going on in the enfironment surrounding the organization
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Objective
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raw facts and data, can be quantified
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subjective
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describes something; interpreted data
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Break even analysis
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Determining at what point the financial impact of a resource becomes reasonable
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Fixed cost
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expenses that never change (ie rent)
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Variable
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costs that change to acquire and product the product
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Revenue
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How much you sell a product for
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Recommendation engines
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based on likes, dislikes, past purchases
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Long-tail economics
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niche products
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Run-Grow-Transform
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Cost leadership to simply exist, focus and differentiate to increase market, innovative project to find a new market
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Competitive business strategies
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Cost leadership, differentiation, innovation, growth, alliance
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Enterprise Businss Systems
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Custom built to meet specific needs of an organization; very expensive, work to integrate internal processes with external entitites
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Cross functional systems
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Transcends different divisions to change how info is used and increase efficiency by eliminating redundancy
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Enterprise Resource planning
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Connects different departments
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Customer resource management
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focus on customer relationship/info about customers
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Knowledge management
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centralized mechanisms for storing and querying info
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Partner relationship management
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Relationship between business and channel partners
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Supply Chain management
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Improve process of obtaining sourece materials, manufacturing, delivery, manages entire life cycle of a product
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Functional business Systems
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Support business operations; accounging, marketing, HR, etc.
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Human Resource management
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Keep track of employees, skills, PD, achievements; identify staffing needs
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Sell-Source-Ship
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Alternative to distribution chain; helps reduce fixed costs due to less storage space and wasted product
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Supply Chain management system
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tracks inventory and informtion among business processes
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Just in time manufacturing
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method for delivering product at the exact time a customer wants; ex target having products on shelves so all a customer has to do is buy it
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Information Partnership
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2 or more companies cooperate by integrating IT systems, offereing customers the best of what each can offer
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Multi channel service delivery
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a company's offering multiple ways in which they interact with customers; ex email, fax, phone, web
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Customer resource management system
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not just software; total business objective; hardware, servers, support, etc
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Sales force automation systems
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automatically trachs steps in sales process; contact management, empower sales reps
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Software as a service
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delivery model for software where a company only pays for what it uses; like Cloud; reduces fixed costs
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Materials Requirement Planning
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Management knew what was needed when
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Materials Requirement Planning II
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included MRP and accounging and finance
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Decision support system
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Helps make decisions
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Legacy Information Systems
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massive long-term business investment in a software system with a single focus; often brittle, slow
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Online Anallytical Processing
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BI info about customers; uses analytics, integratd use of technology tools and stats to create real-time high quality info
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Data dictionary
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contains logical structure for the info in a database
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Demand prediction
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how much of something will be needed
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Replenishment frequency
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when to move products and where
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Basic reporting
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everyday stuff
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Integrity Constraints
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rules that help ensure the quality of the information
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Data definition subsystem
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helps create and maintain data dictionary and define structure of files in a database
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Data manipulation subsystem
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helps add, change, and delete info in a database and query it
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View
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helps see contents, make changes, sort, query
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Report generators
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quickly define formats of reports
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Query by example tools
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graphically design answer to a question
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Data generation sybsystem
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contains facilities to help develop transaction-intensive applications
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Data admin subsystem
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manage overall data base enfironment like security, backup/recovery
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Data mining
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a logical collection of information gathered from many different operational databases, used to create business intelligence
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Open systems
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hardwar and software standards that make it possible for many different devices to communicate
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website
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specific location
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website address
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unique name to identify a specific site
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uniform resource locater
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URL
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hyper text transfer protocol
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http
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Top level domain
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.com .net, etc.
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Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
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Keeps track of internet domains
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Web 2.0
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2nd generation of web focuses on online collaboration
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Network Access Point
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Where severalc onnections converge on internet
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Network Service Provider
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Owns Network access points
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Communications protocol
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set of rules every computer follows to transfer information
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Decision making model
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intelligence, design, choice, implementation
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Intelligence
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diagnostic pahse - detect and interpret that something needs attention
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Design
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develop as many solutions as possible
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Choice
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examine options and select one
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Implementation
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apply selected option, monitor results, make corrections
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Graphin information system
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DSS method, displays map-based infor
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Moden management
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representation of a situation, statistical models or equations
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Data management
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database to organize and store info
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User interface
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the way for the decision maker to interact with the system
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structured query language
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Info is processed to give correct answer
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Unstructured
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several indefinate answers
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Semmi-structured
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some measurable elements, some not measurable
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Quality and Types of information
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Time, content, form
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Analytical modeling
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various scenarios are run mathematically, so decisions can be made (computers do this)
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Sensitivity Analysis
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Change one variable and see how the others change
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Goal seeking analysis |
makes repeated changes to variables until a chosen value is reached
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Optimization analysis
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finds optimal value given certain constraints
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Filtering |
hide data that don't matter
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Conditional formatting
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highlights individual cells that match criteria
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Pivot table
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summarizes by sorting, counting, totaling cells
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Data mining
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computer searches large quantities of data for unseen patterns
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Artificial Intelligence
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making systems that can imitate aspects of human reasoning and motion, ex weather prediction
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Expert systems
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designed to apply human like reasoning to reach a conclusion
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Neural networks
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attempts to simulate human ability to classify items and recognize patterns, ex handwriting and speech recognition
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Fuzzy logic
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mathematical models for forming conclusions from vague information ex spam filters
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Genetic algorithms
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trial and error to develop increasingly better solutions to a problem
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Intelligent agents
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ex auto fill boxes
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Virtual reality
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simulation of the physical world, ex flight simulators
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Satisficing
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a Decision making model, make a choice that is satisfactory, even if it is not the best; works for unseen issues where a decision needs to be made quickly
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Association or dependency modeling
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market basket analysis
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Clustering
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discovering how groups of people are similar
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Classification
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aka prediction, evaluate historical data to make current predictions
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Regression |
find a causal replationship between sets of data
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Summarization
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sums, averages, other stats
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Predictive Analysis
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uses infor and business analysis to build a predictive model for a given application
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Text analytics
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process of using statistical, artificial intelligence and linguistic techniques to convert info in textual sources into structured info (email, survey, etc)
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software agent
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small piece of software that acts on your behalf
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Autonomous agent
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can adapt and alter the manner in which it attempts to achieve its assigned task
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Distributed agent
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works on multiple distinct computer systems
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Mobile agent
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can relocate itself onto different computer systems
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Intelligent agents
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incorporates AI capabilities like learning and reasoning
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Biomimicry
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Learn how people based systems behave, predict how they will behave, improve human systems to make them more efficient and effective
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Swarm intelligence
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Collective behavior of groups of simple agents
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Operational feasibility
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does a decision fit the needs and mission of the organization
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economic feasibility
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Does a decision fit with the budget
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Technical feasibility
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Does it fit within employee skills, what about system maintenance
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Human factors feasiliby
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Is the decision accepted by staff
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Legal and political feasibility
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does it comply with laws?
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Systems design
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Once logical model is finished, translate into appropriate information technologies
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UI design |
User interface, keep end user in mind, get feedback from users to create clear, intuitive controls
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Data design |
User doesn't see it, analyst identifies the underlying structures of the system
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Process design
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Flow of application logic is determined; can't be overly complicated
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Prototyping
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Sample of final design, users try it and give feedback |
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End-user development |
let users themselves create what they need; IT support is crucial! |
