Cultural Anthropology- Exam 2

Front 1

Power

Back 1

The ability to excercise your will over others; higher up society

Front 2

Authority

Back 2

Socially Approved use of power; backed up by the group; resolve disputes and settle conflicts

Front 3

How Antrhopolist approach political systems

Back 3

Compare different things, why one culture does one thing over the other, explain behavior

Front 4

Band

Back 4

Small, kinship based, what they find they eat, less then 100 people

Front 5

Tribe

Back 5

Horticulture, pastoral, no rich or poor

Front 6

Chiefdom

Back 6

Have power and authority, can force decisions, leadership is based on seniority

Front 7

State

Back 7

A nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government

Front 8

Norms

Back 8

Rules, guidelines to distinguish appropriate or nonbeaviror, every culture has them; allows us from anarchy

Front 9

Village Head

Back 9

Leadership position, lead by example, persuasion, have no right to impose punishment

Front 10

Big Man

Back 10

Regional figure for the tribe, highly influential

Front 11

Status

Back 11

All different positions that your in throughout your life,the position of affairs at a particular time, especially in political or commercial contexts

Front 12

Achieved status

Back 12

Your choices, what you achieved

Front 13

Ascribed status

Back 13

Don't have a choice, what your born in

Front 14

Status in chiefdoms

Back 14

Descent can determine your social, prestige, ascribed and achieved, seniority and distinctions

Front 15

Status in states

Back 15

Different access to born groups, we see both achieved and ascribed

Front 16

Archaic state

Back 16

Type of state that is a little closer to the state level

Front 17

Status in Band/Tribe

Back 17

Doing good stuff, special abilities helps your status and get you more stuff

Front 18

Stratification

Back 18

Creation of different social classes

Front 19

Presitige

Back 19

Esteem and respect you get from your achieved honors, which can lead to more money and status

Front 20

Open class

Back 20

The stratification that facilitates social mobility

Front 21

Closed class

Back 21

More ascried, set into social classes, little upward mobility

Front 22

World System Theory

Back 22

Approach to the world history and social change that suggest there a world economic system in which countries benefit while others are exploited, looking at different degrees of wealth.

Front 23

Core

Back 23

The strongest counties, wealthiest; USA, China

Front 24

Semiperiphery

Back 24

Between core and periphery, they export goods; Brazil

Front 25

Periphery

Back 25

The poorest nations, provide raw materials; farming, mining

Front 26

How The industrial revolution affected British and World social/political economic system

Back 26

Transformed Europe to an industrial economy; lead to investments to factories, England benefited a lot, it sat at the crossroads of trade, huge natural resources and outcome made them a giant empire

Front 27

Bourgeoisie

Back 27

The owners of the factories

Front 28

Proletariat

Back 28

The working class of the factories, they had to sell their work, outcome brought the weekend and labor day

Front 29

Imperialism

Back 29

Policy of extending rule use of force, one nation over a foreign nation

Front 30

Colonilism

Back 30

Policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political or religious control over another culture

Front 31

The negatives of Imperialism and Colonialism

Back 31

Many cultures were destoryed

Front 32

Post-colonilism

Back 32

Looking at nations and societies and how they changed

Front 33

Settler colony

Back 33

Lots of colonist and little natives

Front 34

Non-Settler

Back 34

More natives, few colonist

Front 35

Mixed colony

Back 35

Mix of natives and colonist

Front 36

Intervention philosophy and how it affected the colonist view of native popluations

Back 36

Drove people to make changes in colonies, belief industry, Their job was to show the natives the proper way to live, made them look at natives differently

Front 37

Neoliberalism

Back 37

A policy model of social studies and economics that transfers control of economic factors to the private sector from the public sector, more handsoff

Front 38

Communism

Back 38

All property is publicly owned by the government

Front 39

How world system affects the world today

Back 39

Opened up millions of jobs, but stain on economy. Refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries, and the periphery countries.

Front 40

Position shifting

Back 40

Depending on fate and fortune, you may not always have the same potion throughout your life

Front 41

Gender roles

Back 41

Tasks and activities a culture assigns to the sexes

Front 42

Sterotypes

Back 42

Oversimplified but strongly held ideas about the characteristics of males and females

Front 43

Stratification

Back 43

An unequal distribution of reward or system of classes

Front 44

Patrilineal-patrilocal complex

Back 44

An interrelated constellation of patrilineality, patrilocality, warfare, and male supremacy

Front 45

Domestic-public dichotomy

Back 45

The division between men's soles and women's role in life

Front 46

Extra domestic activities

Back 46

Stuff done outside of home, "extra" maintain aspects of social control

Front 47

Gender amongst foragers

Back 47

Activity prestige

Front 48

Gender amongst horticulture

Back 48

Specific features, culture,economy can extend to gender

Front 49

Patriarchy

Back 49

A system of society in which the men hold all the power and women are inferior

Front 50

Patriarchies and violence

Back 50

Reduction of gender stratification

Front 51

Religion

Back 51

Beliefs and rituals concerned with supernatural beings, powers, and forces

Front 52

How anthropologist study religion

Back 52

Social meaning how religion plays in the roles of people

Front 53

Animism

Back 53

Edward Tyler; The belied in spiritual beings or doubles

Front 54

Spiritual beings

Back 54

Two entities, one when your awake and second when your asleep

Front 55

Power and forces

Back 55

Supernatural realm

Front 56

Control

Back 56

Can be controlled by certain people

Front 57

Exploration

Back 57

Becomes a way to explain coming from the spirtual world

Front 58

Magic

Back 58

Use of supernatural techniques to accomplish specific aims

Front 59

Imitative Magic

Back 59

Using magic by imitating

Front 60

Contagious Magic

Back 60

Whatever is done to the object it is done to the person

Front 61

Uncertanity, Anxiety and Solace

Back 61

Can reduce anxiety, magical techniques that can uprise doubt

Front 62

Lack of Control

Back 62

Can drive people to resent to magic

Front 63

Greater uncertainty

Back 63

Calling the greater, gods natural world, feel like you control

Front 64

Rituals

Back 64

Behavior that is formal, stylized, repetitive, and stereotyped, performed earnestly as a social act; rituals are held at set times and places and have liturgical orders

Front 65

Rites of Passage

Back 65

There can elevate stress, customs, actions from change to another

Front 66

Separation

Back 66

First phase, separate from the group and begin the change

Front 67

Liminality

Back 67

Where you left your old self to be who your going got be but not yet who you are, critical step

Front 68

Incorporation

Back 68

re-enter society by your rite of passage, new self

Front 69

Totenism

Back 69

Belief in the kinship of a group of people with a common totem

Front 70

Emotional mobilizer

Back 70

How religion can evoke powerful feeling in people create sense of belonging

Front 71

Shaman

Back 71

A part-time religious practitioner who mediates between ordinary people and supernatural beings and forces

Front 72

Communal religion

Back 72

More than one deity

Front 73

Olympian religion

Back 73

Show up at chiefdoms, actual stratification, full time religious figures

Front 74

Monothesitc

Back 74

One god, priesthoods, all supernatural under control of one great being