Ctnc 2009: Operating System Concepts Chap 3

Front 1

What is the term for a program in execution?

Back 1

A process

Front 2

What type of system executes jobs?

Back 2

A batch system

Front 3

What type of system has user programs or tasks?

Back 3

A time-shared system

Front 4

What is found in the text section of a process?

Back 4

The program code

Front 5

Which part of a process contains temporary data, such as function parameters, return addresses, and local variables?

Back 5

the process stack

Front 6

Where are global variables found in a process?

Back 6

in the data section

Front 7

In reference to a process, what is the heap?

Back 7

The heap is memory that is dynamically allocated during process run time.

Front 8

What changes as a process executes?

Back 8

it's state

Front 9

List the states a process can be in:

Back 9

- New
- Running
- Waiting
- Ready
- Terminated

Front 10

In which state in the process being created?

Back 10

New

Front 11

In which process state are instruction being executed?

Back 11

Running

Front 12

In which state are processes waiting to be assigned to a processor?

Back 12

Ready

Front 13

In which state is the process waiting for some even to occur?

Back 13

Waiting

Front 14

During which state has a process finished execution?

Back 14

Terminated

Front 15

What term is used to describe how a process is represented in the operating system and contains many pieces of information associated with aspecific process?

Back 15

By a Process Control Block (PCB)

Front 16

List the information that can be included in the Process Control Block (PCB):

Back 16

- Process State
- Program Counter
- CPU Registers
- CPU Scheduling Information
- Memory Management Information
- Accouting Information
- I/O Status Information

Front 17

What selects an available process for program execution on the CPU?

Back 17

The Process Scheduler

Front 18

As processes enter a system, where are they put?

Back 18

The job queue

Front 19

What is the name for the list of processes that are residing in manin memory and are ready and waiting to execute?

Back 19

the ready queue

Front 20

What is the term for a list of processes waiting for a particular I/O device?

Back 20

the device queue

Front 21

What term is used to describe a process that has been selected for execution?

Back 21

Dispatched

Front 22

What can occur once a process has been allocated the CPU and is executing?

Back 22

- The process could issue an I/O request and be placed in an I/O queue
- The process could create a new subprocess and wait for the subprocess's termination.
- The process could be removed forcibly from the CPU, as result of an interrupt and be put back in the ready queue.

Front 23

Which scheduler selects processes from a pool, on a mass storage device, and loads them into memory for execution?

Back 23

Long-term scheduler (job scheduler)

Front 24

Which scheduler is used to select processes that are ready to execute and allocated the CPU to one of them?

Back 24

Short-term scheduler (CPU scheduler)

Front 25

Which scheduler, in a time-sharing system, is used to control swapping?

Back 25

Medium-term scheduler

Front 26

What is swapping?

Back 26

When a process is moved out of memory and brought back into memory at a later time to continue exectuion

Front 27

What must occur when a process needs to moved out of memory in order to save the current context of the process?

Back 27

A state save

Front 28

After a state save what happens so the process can resume operations?

Back 28

state restore

Front 29

What is occurs when the CPU performs a state save on the cuurent running process and state restore of a different process?

Back 29

context switch

Front 30

What is a parent process?

Back 30

A process that creates other processes

Front 31

New processes created by the parent process are called _________.

Back 31

children

Front 32

When a process creates a new process, what are the two possibilities for exectuion?

Back 32

- The parent continues to execute concurrently with its children.
- The parent waits until some or all of its children have terminated.

Front 33

When a process creates a new process, what are the possibilites in terms of the address space of the new process?

Back 33

- The child process is a duplicate of the parent process
- The child process has a new program loaded into it

Front 34

What is the fork() system call used for?

Back 34

It used to create a new process that consists of a copy of the address space of the original process.

Front 35

When the fork() system call is used to create a child process, what is the return code for the child?

Back 35

The return code would be a (nonzero) process identifier of the child

Front 36

What is the exec() system call used for?

Back 36

It is used to replace the process's memory space with new program.

Front 37

What is the function in the Win32 API that used to create a new process?

Back 37

CreateProcess()

Front 38

When does a process terminate?

Back 38

When it is finished executing its final statement and asks the operating system to delete it

Front 39

What system call is used to delete a process after it has finished executing?

Back 39

exit()

Front 40

Why might a parent terminate the execution of one of it's children?

Back 40

- The child has exceeeded its usage of resources it has been allocated.
- The task assigned to the child is no longer required.
- The parent is exiting, and the operating system does not allow a child to continue if its parent terminates.

Front 41

What is cascading termination?

Back 41

This occurs when the parent if terminated and operating systems terminates all of the parent's children.

Front 42

When is a process considered to be independent?

Back 42

When it cannot be affected by the other processes executing in the system

Front 43

When is a process cooperating?

Back 43

When shares data with other processes

Front 44

What are some reasons for process cooperation?

Back 44

- Information sharing
- Computation speedup
- Modularity
- Convenience

Front 45

What type of mechanism is required for cooperating processes to exchange data and information?

Back 45

Interprocess Communication (IPC)

Front 46

What are the two fundamental models of interprocess communication?

Back 46

- shared memory
- message passing

Front 47

Describe shared memory as an IPC.

Back 47

Processes can exchange information by reading and writing data to the shared region.

Front 48

Describe message passing as an IPC.

Back 48

Communications take place by means of messages excahnged between the cooperating processes.

Front 49

In a shared-memory system, who is responsible for ensuring processes are not writing to same location simultaneously?

Back 49

The processes

Front 50

In a Message-Passing system, describe direct communication.

Back 50

each process that wants to communicate must explicitly name the recipient or sender of the communication

Front 51

In a Message-Passing system, what type of communication used mailboxes or ports?

Back 51

Indirect Communication

Front 52

What is a socket?

Back 52

An endpoint for communication

Front 53

How is a socket identified?

Back 53

By an IP address concatenated with a port number

Front 54

What are the three different types of sockets provided by Java?

Back 54

- Connection-oriented (TCP), Socket class
- Connectionless (UDP), DatagramSocket class
- MulticastSocket

Front 55

What is a Remote Procedure Call (RPC)?

Back 55

A way to abstract the procedure-call mechanism for use between systems with network connections. Allows a client to invoke a procedure on a remote host as it would invoke a procedure locally.

Front 56

What is a stub used for?

Back 56

The stub is used to locate the port on the other host and marshals the parameters to the other host. The receiving host has stub as well that is used to invoke the procedure on the other side.

Front 57

What is the Java feature similar to RPCs?

Back 57

Remote Method Invocation (RMI)