Cross-Cultural And Indigenous

Front 1

culture

Back 1

the shared rules that govern the behaviour of a group of people and enable the members of that group to co-exist and survive. the filter through which we see and understand our current reality

Front 2

cultural psychologists

Back 2

study the way in which people are affected by their culture

Front 3

cross-cultural psychologists

Back 3

compare the similarities and differences in behaviour across cultures.

Front 4

emic approach (research methods)

Back 4

focuses on specific cultural group and examining particular psychological aspects of that group.

Front 5

etic approach (research method)

Back 5

searches for commonalities or differences across cultures.

Front 6

cross-cultural comparison studies

Back 6

comparing two or more different cultures in relation to a particular psychological variables.

Front 7

internal locus of control

Back 7

base their success on their own success and control their own life

Front 8

external locus of control

Back 8

blame external factors (other people or environmental factors) for their success or failure.

Front 9

enculturation

Back 9

process of absorbing and internalisng the rules the culture we live in.

Front 10

cross-cultural validation studies

Back 10

examine whether a psychological variable in one culture can be applied and have meaning in another culture.

Front 11

unpackaging studies

Back 11

try to explain why cultural differences occur, looking at a range of variables that might account for divergence on a particular aspect.

Front 12

the dimensions of culture

Back 12

every culture has a set of 'unwritten rules' every member wants to abide by. they are: time, emotion, interpersonal, context, tight vs loose and individual vs collectivist.

Front 13

time and culture

Back 13

monochronic - time is divided into linear segments, closely regulated, scheduled.

polychronic - time is fluid, less closely regulated and pay less attention to schedules.

Front 14

emotion and culture

Back 14

cultural display rules - difference in relation to rules on the appropriateness of displaying certain emotions in particular social circumstances.

Front 15

interpersonal and culture

Back 15

3 types: intimate, social and consultative, and public space. conservational distance - how close people stand to each other when they're talking and related to intimate space.

Front 16

context and culture

Back 16

high-context: close attention to nonverbal signs like body language and decoding the meaning behind words.

low-context: pay close attention to what people actually say or do, interrupt them literally.

Front 17

tight vs loose

Back 17

tight: groups members are expected to closely adhere to cultural norms and expectations.

loose: norms are unclear deviance from norms is tolerated.

Front 18

individualism vs collectivism

Back 18

individualist culture: individual over the group.

collectivist culture: group over the individual.

Front 19

multiculturalism

Back 19

a situation where multiple cultures exist within a country .

Front 20

pluralism

Back 20

theres a general acceptance not just of the existence of many different cultural and ethnic groups but also their right to retain their cultural heritage and coexist.

Front 21

culture shock

Back 21

feeling of disorientation and anxiety that occurs as people from one culture encounter and adapt to the practices, rules and expectations of another culture.

Front 22

acculturation

Back 22

the changes that groups and individuals undergo when they come into contact with another culture. several types: assimilation, fusion, alternation and multiculturalism.

Front 23

assimilation

Back 23

involves the absorption into the dominant culture and abandonment of their traditional culture.

Front 24

fusion

Back 24

combining two cultures to form a new culture

Front 25

alternation

Back 25

bicultural acceptance

Front 26

ethnicity

Back 26

people who share geographic, language, cultural and religious origins.

Front 27

social identity

Back 27

perception we are apart of a larger social group and share with other group members salient attributes such as values, meanings and goals.

Front 28

xenophobia

Back 28

fear or hatred of foreigners or anything unfamiliar

Front 29

cultural stereotypes

Back 29

generalised views that we hold about particular groups of people - that members of a particular group share common traits or behaviours

Front 30

ethnocentrism

Back 30

the tendency for a persons own culture to influence the way they view the rest of the world.

Front 31

prejudice

Back 31

having an unreasonable and negative stereotype about members of another group of people.

Front 32

racial prejudice

Back 32

people develop negative stereotypes about members of another racial group or cultural practice.

Front 33

racism

Back 33

persuasive and systematic assumption of the inferiority of certain groups but also the different and unfair treatment of those groups on a basis of that assumed inferiority.

Front 34

discrimination

Back 34

behavioural manifestation of prejudiced attitudes.

Front 35

contact hypothesis

Back 35

the more contact there is between people from different groups, the more they will break down the barriers or prejudices.

Front 36

indigenous people

Back 36

original inhabitants of a land/country.

Front 37

communication and culture (non-verbal)

Back 37

1. Kinaesics - gestures/movements/facial feature

2. Oculesics - eye movement/contact

3. Haptics - touch to accompany communication

4. Proxemics - space between people

5. Chromemics - use of time

6. Vocalics - vocal cues, pitch/volume/tempo.