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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define critical thinking? |
disciplined thinking that is clear, rational, open-minded, and informed by evidence
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Define Heuristics? |
Rules of thumb or fast thinking, that are based on experience, they are used for problem solving, learning and logical thinking. While the are useful, they can lead to wrong conclusions when more slow and detailed thinking are required. |
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Define Plausibility? |
T he quality of seeming reasonable or probable.
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Define science? |
The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
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What is a logical fallacy? Provide 3 examples. |
Refers to errors in reasoning. Straw-man : substituting a conclusion of a stronger argument with a much weaker one. there by denying the original conclusion. Ad Hominem: implying that an argument is false because of the person who delivered it. Raising the question: an argument that states the conclusion as a premise. Type of circular reasoning. |
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Define claim? |
A statement that can be classified as true or false. Premises and conclusion are claims. |
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Define feelings? |
An emotional state that may lead, to a belief, specially a vague or irrational one. |
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Define ambiguous? Give an example? |
Unclear or inexact because a choice between alternatives has not been made.
The passerby helps dog bite victim – Is the passerby helping a dog bite someone? Or is he helping a person bitten by a dog? It’s not clear. |
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Define vague? Give an example of a vague statement? |
Thinking or communicating in an unfocused or imprecise way.
The case will be resolved fairly. Considering the weight of each argument. It is not clear what "fair" or "weight" means. |
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Cognitive Dissonance |
The state of having inconsistent thoughts, beliefs, or attitudes, especially as relating to behavioral decisions and attitude change.
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Ego |
A person's sense of self-esteem or self- importance.
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Confirmation bias |
The tendency to interpret new evidence as confirmation of one's existing beliefs or theories and denying evidence that don't conform to said belief.
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Rationalization
Give example |
The action of attempting to explain or justify behavior or an attitude with logical reasons, even if these are not appropriate. Form of a fallacy.
Reason A is given for claim B, although reason A is not the real reason. I believe in winged horses because the Koran is historically accurate and would never get such an important fact wrong. |
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confabulation
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Is a disturbance of memory,defined as the production of fabricated, distorted, or misinterpreted memories about oneself or the world, without the conscious intention to deceive. Memory that has inaccurate relationship with reality.
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