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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an argument
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set of statements where some of the statements, called the premises, are intended to support another, called the conclusion
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deductive argument
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the premises guarantee the conclusion
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inductive argument
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the premises are intended to make the conclusion more probable, without guaranteeing
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valid argument
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it is necessary that, if the premises are true, the conclusion is true
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invalid argument
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it is not necessary that, if the premises are true, then the conclusion is true
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sound argument
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a valid argument in which all the premises are true
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unsound argument
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either invalid or has at least one false premise
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modus ponens
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If a, then B. A. So, B.
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Modus tollens
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If A, then B. Not B. So, Not A.
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Hypothetical syllogism
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If A, then B. If B, then C. So, if A, then C.
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Disjunctive syllogism
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Either A or B. Not A. So, B.
Either A or B. Not B. So, A. |
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Constructive dilemma
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Either A or B. If A, then C. If B, then D. So, either C or D.
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substitution instance
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an argument that results from uniformly replacing the variables in an argument form with statements
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disjunction
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either-or statement
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