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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Albert Cohen theorize?
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gang subculture: caused by middle class youth living in slums creating bonds by committing crimes. Status frustration theory.
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what did Walter Miller theorize?
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gang subculture: caused by poor economic status.
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What did Cloward and Ohlin theorize?
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gang subculture: they state its an illegitimate opportunity structure when normal avenues are blocked
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What is subculture?
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a mini-culture created within a massive culture
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What are some problems with subcultural theories?
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do not take into account race and class bias.
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What do sociologists mean by social processes?
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the processes in which we as a society learn and teach norms, values, and beliefs
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what is social control and who developed it?
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control that focuses on the limits, restraints and constraints that are placed on human conducts. Travis Hirschi.
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what are the 4 elements of the bonding process?
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attachment, commitment, involvement, and belief in law
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problems with social control/bond theory?
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some limits cannot be determined by theories. some limits are weaker/stronger depending on the person.
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what is drift theory?
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criminals gravitate between two extremes- conformity and conventionality and vice versa.
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what are the 5 techniques of neutralization?
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denial of responsibility
denial of injury denial of victim appeal to higher loyalties condemnation of condemners |
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what is symbolic interactionism theory?
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meanings are derived from social interaction and modified through interpretation
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how did symbolic interaction influence labeling theory?
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since it studies interactions within society, labels were soon used to single out members in a positive or negative manner
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what did edwin lemert theorize?
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Primary and secondary deviance
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what did Frank Tannenbaum theorize?
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dramatization of evil
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what theories did John Braithwaite create? what did he create them from?
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shaming and reintegrative theories. he created it from labeling theory.
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what was Lawrence Sherman's theory? what did he say?
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defiance theory. those with strong social reactions react well to arrest (unlikely to re-offend). those with weak social reactions react poorly to arrest (likely to re-offend).
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Critical Race Theory is a form of what Major Theory?
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Conflict theory
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who founded Critical Race Theory?
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Derrick Bell
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Who developed the "Code of the Streets"?
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Elijah Anderson
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who theorized "anomie"
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Emile Durkheim
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what does "anomie" mean?
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normlessness, lawlessness, lack of rules.
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who theorized the 5 modes of adaptation?
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Robert Merton
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what are the 5 modes of adaptation?
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1. conformist
2. innovation 3. ritualist 4. retreatist 5. rebellion |
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who formulated General Strain Theory? what was it reformulated from?
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Robert Agnew. formed from Anomie theory.
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