Cpp

Front 1

Features of an array?

Back 1

Original data structure based on index.

Uses less memory than vectors as no need for extra room than necessary.

Fixed size length.

Usage - frequent element access.

Access is constant time operation no matter location.

Contiguous memory location.(consecutive)

cannot make a copy automatically.

Front 2

Features of a vector

Back 2

Sequential container to store elements

Occupies more memory than array as variable

Dynamic in size can change easily.

Usage: frequent insertion and deletion.

Contiguous but more costly as requires copying of data if overflowing the memory block.

First and last position is constant but middle data is linear based on size of vector.

Front 3

Automatic memory management

Back 3

Allocates exactly the memory needed to store variables declared

Memory use is predetermined from code.

Memory use cannot be dependent on run time behaviour

Uses stack memory-limited in size

Best for smaller items used within a function m

Front 4

Dynamic memory management

Back 4

Programmer has to explicitly manage allocation and deallocation.

Can adapt to runtime event

Uses heap memory. Much larger

Good if unsure how much memory is needed like reading the contents of a file.

Best for larger items that need to persist overtime

Front 5

Waterfall

Back 5

Softwares development process divided into different phases. Sequential in nature.

Structured and rigid

Can't change requirements when development has started

Each phase is completed once

Testing phase after building

Internal process doesn't require customer participation

Best for projects that have clearly defined requirement's unlikely to change

Front 6

Agile

Back 6

Segregates project development lifecycle into sprints

Known for flexibility

Allows for changing of project development requirements after initial planning

Each phase can be visited multiple times

Testing is performed concurrently with programming

Focuses on customer satisfaction and involves customer participation.

Best for software that requires frequent overhauls or evolution

Front 7

Waterfall model answer

Back 7

Sequential design process, 8 stages(conception, initiation. Analysis,design, construction, testing, implementation and maintenance).

Once one is done, move to next. No going back unless starting from beginning. no room for changes or errors so extensively planned and followed.

Front 8

Agile model answer

Back 8

Came as solution to dis of waterfall. Incremental design. Developers start simplistic project design and start small modules. Done in sprints. End of sprints priorities evaluated and tests are run. Sprints allow bugs to be discovered and customer feedback incorporated before next sprint.

Front 9

Define polymorphism

Back 9

Polymorphism means that some code or operations or objects behave differently in different contexts

Front 10

Define ad-hoc polymorphism overloading

Back 10

Functions with the same name act differently, + operator adds integers and concatenates strings in cpp

Front 11

Define subtype polymorphism (runtime)

Back 11

Ability to use derived classes through base class pointers and references. Subtyping via virtual methods in cpp

Front 12

Define parametric polymorphism (compile time)

Back 12

Executed the same code for any type. Templates in cpp

Front 13

Coercion polymorphism casting implicit

Back 13

An object of primitive is cast into another object type or primitive type. Int promoted to float or float demoted to int.

Front 14

Define inheritance

Back 14

The capability for one class to derive properties and characteristics from another class.

Front 15

Public inheritance

Back 15

Child inherits public members as public and protected members as protected

Front 16

What is a pure virtual function

Back 16

A pure virtual function is a virtual function whose declaration ends in =0. Makes the class defined as abstract.

Front 17

Black box testing

Back 17

Tester doesn't know internal structure of code of the program. Nothing is known.

Mostly done by software testers

No knowledge of implementation needed

Functional test of software

External testing

Behaviour testing of software

Least time consuming

Front 18

White box testing

Back 18

Tester has knowledge about internal structure and code of software

Mostly done by software developers

Knowledge of implementation is required

Internal software testing

You need programming experience

Most time consuming

Front 19

Private inheritance

Back 19

Child inherits public and protected members as private

Front 20

Protected inheritance

Back 20

Child inherits public and protected members as protected members

Front 21

Why is cpp good for low level

Back 21

Zero overhead abstractions. Code executes directly on machine rather than a virtual machine like some languages.

Pointers allow you to access hardware direct without any additional layers.

Memory management. Allows for dynamic memory management so you can be as stringent with memory as needed.