Corrections (Chapter 2)

Front 1

Penology

Back 1

The study of punishment of crime and the management of incarceration facilities

Front 2

Jurisprudence

Back 2

The theory or philosophy of law

Front 3

Penal Systems

Back 3

Methods, or approaches relating to, used for, or prescribing the punishment of offenders under the legal system

Front 4

House of Corrections

Back 4

Facilities established in the late 16th century as places for the punishment and reform of the poor convicted of petty offenses through hard labor. London contained the first house of correction, Bridewell

Front 5

Global Positioning Systems

Back 5

Technology used to electronically track the whereabouts of persons under supervision, generally probation or parole, and usually in the form of an ankle bracelet

Front 6

Galley Slavery

Back 6

A sentence forcing the convict to work as a rower on a ship. At times, this sentence replaced the death penalty and used to provide a labor pool for military and merchant ships

Front 7

Transportation

Back 7

A sentence primarily used in the 17th and 18th centuries in which the convict was exiled and transported, usually by ship, to a penal colony

Front 8

Enlightenment

Back 8

Refers to a movement that took place primarily in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries that impacted the arts, sciences, philosophies, and other intellectual fields. Its participants sought to reform society through reason

Front 9

Pennsylvania System

Back 9

A 19th Century penal system advocated by some quakers, in which prisoners were kept in solitary confinement and expected to repent and reform through contemplation of their sins and God. In practice, many prisoners developed mental illnesses

Front 10

Abolitionist

Back 10

A person who favors the abolition of any law or practice they deem harmful to society: for example, there are abolitionists who are opposed to capital punishment

Front 11

Auburn System

Back 11

A 19th century penal system in which prisoners would perform silent labor in groups by day, and be placed in solitary confinement by night

Front 12

Indeterminate Sentencing

Back 12

The law required a sentencing judge to fix maximum and minimum limits to the offenders confinement, the actual release date to be controlled by a board of parole. The indeterminate sentence allows judges their discretion in consideration of the defendants behavior, circumstances, and potential reform

Front 13

Classification System

Back 13

The grouping of corrections- involved individuals according to their risk of further behavioral problems, which is meant to allow corrections managers to use the most appropriate and cost-effective level of security and supervision

Front 14

Boot Camp

Back 14

A program for juvenile offenders characterized by strict discipline, hard physical exercise, and community labor

Front 15

Jim Crow Laws

Back 15

Laws enacted after the end of the Civil War that enforced complete racial segregation and that helped to maintain the subjugation of former slaves

Front 16

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Back 16

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