Corrections 9-14

Front 1

Pretrial diversion targetsmostly what type of offenses?

Back 1

petty drug offenses

Front 2

A _______ condition establishes a sum of money thatmust be paid by the offender either to the victim or to a public fund forvictims of crime.

Back 2

restitution

Front 3

Americans havetraditionally tended to equate which of the following most with punishment?

Back 3

prison

Front 4

Widespreadadoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ______ in prisonpopulations?

Back 4

racial disparities

Front 5

More than two-thirds ofpeople under correctional authority are

Back 5

under community supervison

Front 6

Over ______ dollars in fines iscollected annually in the United States.

Back 6

one billion

Front 7

_______ develop supervision and services based onstudies of “what works” to reduce recidivism.

Back 7

evidence based practices

Front 8

_____ is when a client struggles undercommunity-based alternatives can instead be monitored through other sanctionssuch as house arrest rather than return to prison.

Back 8

Administrative sanctions

Front 9

93 percent of the adultprison population________

Back 9

made up of male adults

Front 10

The ______ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s.

Back 10

rehabilitation

Front 11

Most prisons employ a ____ model

Back 11

custodial

Front 12

The cost ofmaintaining a(n) _____ inmate is much higher than costs associated with otherincarcerated populations.

Back 12

elderly

Front 13

Historically, the _____ has been an innovator inthe field of corrections

Back 13

federal system

Front 14

A prison designed andorganized to permit inmates and visitors as much freedom as is consistent withthe concept of incarceration is a ______ prison.

Back 14

minimum security

Front 15

______ appoints the Bureau of Prisons director.

Back 15

the president

Front 16

The process by which a newinmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to theenvironment is known as _____

Back 16

prisonization

Front 17

Because inmates are notallowed to carry any currency, the primary method of exchange in prison is______

Back 17

cigarettes

Front 18

The sociological theoryknown as the “subculture of violence” argues that violence is primarily foundin the ____ subculture

Back 18

lower class

Front 19

Each year approximately ____ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates.

Back 19

18,000

Front 20

Correctional leaders havefound the best way to weaken prison gangs is to

Back 20

segregate, use specialized housing, and restricting visits

Front 21

The sharing of myths,slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate groupof people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioningcommunity with its own values, roles, language and customs. This is also knownas a prison ____

Back 21

subculture

Front 22

Which state has the lowestlevels of known gang affiliation/participation in their prison population?

Back 22

Montana

Front 23

The term ____ refers to programs which educate gang membersand eventually encourage them to renounce their gang membership

Back 23

deganging

Front 24

A ___ in the prisoninmate culture considered to an aggressive inmate who pursues his own interestsat others’ expenses.

Back 24

gorilla or wolf

Front 25

A ___ is someone whosqueals or sells out to the authorities

Back 25

rat

Front 26

Approximately what percentof women released from incarceration have nowhere to go and must find a placeto live?

Back 26

60 -70 %

Front 27

What case wasinstrumental in ensuring that women’s prisons had programs comparable to thatof male prisons?

Back 27

Glover v. Johnson (1979).

Front 28

In 1844, the _____ was created with the goalof improving the treatment of female prisoners and separating them from maleprisoners

Back 28

women's prison association

Front 29

Approximately ___of female inmates are currently incarceratedfor violent offenses.

Back 29

35.4% or 1/3

Front 30

The Human Rights Watchreport noted that the majority of correctional officers in women’s prison are ___

Back 30

men

Front 31

____ was the first person to advocate for changes in the treatment ofsentenced women and children.

Back 31

Elizabeth Gurney Fry

Front 32

Incarcerated women accountfor approximately _____ percentof the federal and state prison population.

Back 32

7

Front 33

A structure established forthe purpose of influencing behavior in order to achieve particular ends isknown as a/an: ___

Back 33

formal organization

Front 34

A form of power that stressesthe application or threat of physical force is known as____

Back 34

coercive power

Front 35

Most inmaterule violations are handled by an ____

Back 35

institutional disciplinary committee

Front 36

What is the primaryincentive for being a corrections officer?

Back 36

security of a civil service job

Front 37

___are central to prisoner control because correctional officers cannothave total control over the inmates

Back 37

negotiations

Front 38

A series oforganizational positions in order of authority, with each person receivingorders from the one immediatelyabove and issuing orders to the one immediately below is known as ____

Back 38

chain of command

Front 39

An___is anything thatenhances the inmates’ creature comforts such as food, bedding, and recreational opportunities.

Back 39

amenity

Front 40

Like women in othercriminal justice fields, women who work in corrections deal with ___

Back 40

discrimination

Front 41

___ is the idea that it is most efficient fora subordinate to report only to one superior.

Back 41

unity of command

Front 42

The idea thatprison disorder results from unstable, divided, or otherwise weak management isknown as the___

Back 42

administrative control theory

Front 43

the term psychotherapy refers to

Back 43

treatment of the mind

Front 44

The doctrinethat persons having been convicted of wrongful behavior should not be eligiblefor social benefits beyondthe bare minimum required by law is known as the ___

Back 44

principle of least eligibility

Front 45

____ frequently take the form of group orindividual counseling sessions rather than intensive therapy.

Back 45

psychological program services

Front 46

The mostpowerful new studies of correctional rehabilitation programs try to expresstheir effectiveness in which of thefollowing ways: ____

Back 46

cost benefit ratios

Front 47

Recreationalprograms have two primary purposes. They include socialization and ____

Back 47

self image enhancement (rehabilitation)

Front 48

The general public is often___to creative programming forinmates

Back 48

hostile

Front 49

A system inwhich the contractor provided prisoners with food and clothing as well as rawmaterials and in some southernstates prisoners were bonded to agricultural producers to perform field laboris a ____

Back 49

lease system

Front 50

Interest in ____ waned when the philosophy of corrections swungtoward crime control.

Back 50

rehabilitation

Front 51

Prisonadministrators use institutional programs to help manage ___

Back 51

time

Front 52

_____ was the first to implement the classification system at ElmiraReformatory in the 1800’s.

Back 52

zebulon brockway