Connective Tissue

Front 1

What is Connective tissue?

Back 1

Most Abundant tissue in the body
Many varied forms
Delicate tissue, paper webs, strong tough cords, rigid bones and fluid

Front 2

What are the 4 Functions of Connective tissue?

Back 2

1. Connects
Tissue to Tissue
Muscle to Muscle
Muscle to Bone
Bone to Bone
2. Supports
3. Transports
4. Defends

Front 3

What are the 9 Types of Connective Tissue

Back 3

1. Loose, Ordinary
2. Adipose
3. Reticular
4. Dense Fibrous
5. Bone
6. Cartilage
7. Blood
8. Muscle
9. Nervous

Front 4

Loose, Ordinary (Areolar)

Back 4

*Found between other tissues and organs
*Loose tells us it's stretchable
*Ordinary because it is the most widely distributed
*Connects structures, acts like a glue that is elastic
*Areolar means "like a small space" and refers to the bubbles that appear as the tissue is pulled apart
*The Matrix (intercellular material)

Front 5

The Matrix (intercellular material)

Back 5

contains 6 fibers and cells (most to least):
1. Fibroblasts - (Builder) connective cells that synthesize fibers and gels them together.
2. Macrophages - (Eater) are large Phagocyte cells. Are parts of the bodies vital defense mechanisms.
3. Mast Cells - (Feeder) Wound healing
4. White Blood Cells (Defenders) are Leukocytes
5. Fat Cells
6. Plasma

Front 6

Adipose

Back 6

*Predominately Fat Cells
*Contain Fewer Fibroblasts, Macrophages and Mast Cells
*Forms Protective pads around Kidneys and other structures
*Storage for excess food - stores fat soluble vitamins
*Insulation
*Obesity - body 20% above ideal weight. Find your BMI score. Every add'l lb the heart must pump and add'l 2/3rd of a mile.

Front 7

Reticular

Back 7

*A three dimensional web
*Forms the framework of delicate structures ex. Spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow, capillaries and nerve fibers
*Defends the body against microbes and injurious substances out of the blood and lymph nodes by engulfing and destroying them
*Makes new Reticular Fibers

Front 8

Bone

Back 8

*one of the most highly specialized forms of connective tissue
*The Bone Cells (Osteocytes) are embedded in a matrix of Organic Collagen and Mineral Salts
*The mineral salts make up about 65% of the total matrix and is responsible for the hardness of bone

Front 9

Bone Additional Cells are:

Back 9

Osteoblasts-bone forming cells
Osteoclasts-bone destroying cells

Front 10

Bones are the organs of?

Back 10

The Skeletal System

Front 11

What are the functions of the bone?

Back 11

Support
Protection
Attachment for muscle
Mineral Reservoir
Production of blood cells (Hemopoiesis)

Front 12

What is the basic structural unit of bone?

Back 12

The Haversian System

Front 13

What does the Haversian system consist of?

Back 13

Lacunae, Lamellae, Canaliculi, Membrane Bone, Endochondral Bone

Front 14

Lacunae

Back 14

small spaces in which bone cells are located

Front 15

Lamellae

Back 15

concentric layers of bone matrix

Front 16

Canaliculi

Back 16

small canals that connect lacunae and osteocytes to blood vessels in the Central Haversian Canal

Front 17

Membrane bone

Back 17

formed with Membranous tissue
Ex. flat bones of skull (aponeurosis)

Front 18

Endochondral Bone

Back 18

formed by the replacement of cartilage.
Ex. growth plates and sutures

Front 19

Cartilage

Back 19

*differs from other connective tissue in that only one cell type is present (chondrocytes)
*Chondrocytes produce both the fibers and the gristlike ground substance of cartilage
*Chondrocytes are produced in the Lacunae
*Cartilage is avascular, therefore nutrients must reach by way of diffusion
*Movement is through the matrix from blood vessels in the perichondrium
*Injuries heal slowly because of the inefficient delivery of nutrient

Front 20

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

Back 20

Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Hyaline

Front 21

Fibrocartilage

Back 21

Strongest and most durable; matrix is rigid and filled with strong white fibers. Serves as shock absorbers between vertebrae and at the knee (Intervertebral discs and Meniscus)

Front 22

Elastic (cartilage)

Back 22

Contains large numbers of fine elastic-like fibers for strength and flexibility (External Ear and Larynx)

Front 23

Hyaline (cartilage)

Back 23

Shiny and translucent; most common (Articular Cartilage-covering the ends of bones into joints and support rings of respiratory tubes)

Front 24

Blood

Back 24

Connective tissue in a liquid state(has no ground substance or fibers)

Front 25

How is blood divided?

Back 25

1. Plasma- 55% liquid fraction
2. Corpuscles- 45%

Front 26

Plasma

Back 26

Water makes up 90%; Proteins -Antibodies 10%

Front 27

Corpuscles

Back 27

Erythrocytes 99% (Red Blood Cells) contain Hemoblobin which is principal carrier of exygen
Leukocytes 0.2% (White Blood Cells) -form in bone marrow; function is Phagocytosis
Thrombocytes 0.6-1.0% (Platelets) - coagulation/clotting

Front 28

What are the functions of Blood?

Back 28

1. Movement of respiratory gases
2. Movement of nutrients
3. Movement of waste products
4. Helps maintain body temperature
5. Regulates ph of body fluid
6. Destroys harmful microorganisms

Front 29

What are the 3 Muscle Types?

Back 29

Skeletal
Visceral
Cardiac

Front 30

Skeletal (muscle)

Back 30

*Muscle attached to bones
*Also called striated or voluntary
*Striated refers to cross striations (stripes)
*Voluntary means willed control

Front 31

Visceral (muscle)

Back 31

*Found in the walls of viscera
*Also called Non-striated or Involuntary
*It is not controlled under normal circumstances

Front 32

Cardiac (muscle)

Back 32

*Found in the Heart
*Also called striated Involuntary

Front 33

What are the 3 Nervous tissue functions?

Back 33

1. Irritability (Excitability)
2. Conductivity
3. Response

Front 34

Nervous tissue consists of:

Back 34

Neuroglia - connecting and supporting cells
Neurons - Functional unit of system

Front 35

Neuron Functional unit of system includes:

Back 35

Soma - Cell Body
Axon - Process that carries impulse away from the cell body
Dendrites - process that carry impulses toward the cell body