Communication Chapters 1-3

Front 1

communication

Back 1

the process of acting on information

Front 2

human communication

Back 2

the process of making sense out of the world and attempting to share that sense with others by creating meaning through verbal and nonverbal messages.

Front 3

ethics

Back 3

the beliefs, values, and moral principles by which we determine what is right or wrong.

Front 4

source

Back 4

originator of a thought or emotion, who puts it into a code that can be understood by a receiver

Front 5

encoding

Back 5

a process of translating ideas, feelings, and thoughts into a code.

Front 6

decoding

Back 6

a process of interpreting ideas, feelings, and thoughts that have been translated into a code.

Front 7

receiver

Back 7

person who decodes a message and attempts to make sense out of what the source has encoded.

Front 8

message

Back 8

written, spoken, and unspoken elements of communication to which people assign meaning.

Front 9

channel

Back 9

pathway through which messages are sent.

Front 10

noice

Back 10

information, either literal or psychological, that interferes with the accurate encoding or decoding of the message

Front 11

feedback

Back 11

response to a message

Front 12

context

Back 12

physical and psychological communication environment

Front 13

content

Back 13

the part of the message that focuses on the new information, ideas, or suggested actions that a communicator wishes to share; communicates what is said

Front 14

relationship

Back 14

the aspect of a communication message that offers cues about the emotions, attitudes, and the amount of power and control the speaker directs toward others; communicates how something is said

Front 15

rule

Back 15

a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is expected or preferred as well as prohibited in a specific situation.

Front 16

intrapersonal communication

Back 16

communication that occurs within yourself, including your thoughts and emotions

Front 17

language

Back 17

the system of symbols (words or vocabulary) structured by rules (grammar) that makes it possible for people to understand one another

Front 18

symbol

Back 18

a word,figure, sound, or expression that represents a thought, concept, object, or idea

Front 19

other oriented

Back 19

focusing on the needs and concerns of others while maintaining one's personal integrity

Front 20

adapt

Back 20

to adjust both what is communicated and how a message is communicated; to make choices about how best to formulate a message and respond to others to achieve your communication goals

Front 21

interpersonal communication

Back 21

communication that occurs simultaneously with another person in attempt to mutually influence one another, usually for the purpose of managing relationships.

Front 22

impersonal communication

Back 22

communiation that treats people as objects, or that responds only to their roles, rather than who they are as unique people

Front 23

group

Back 23

a collection of three to fifteen people who have a common goal, feel a sense of belonging to the group, and influence others.

Front 24

small-group communcation

Back 24

the transactive process of creating meaning among a group

Front 25

dyad

Back 25

a two-person interaction

Front 26

team

Back 26

a coordinated small group of people organized to work together to achieve a common goal

Front 27

presentational communication

Back 27

a context of communication that occurs when a speakeraddresses a large audience in person

Front 28

rhetoric

Back 28

the process of using symbols to influence or persuade others

Front 29

subjective self-awareness

Back 29

an ability to differentiate the self from the social and physical environment

Front 30

objective self-awareness

Back 30

an ability to be the object of one's own attention, to be aware of state of mind, and to realize that one is thinking and remembering

Front 31

symbolic self-awareness

Back 31

a unique human ability to develop and communicatea representation of oneself to others

Front 32

self

Back 32

the sum total of who a person is, a person's central inner force.

Front 33

self-concept

Back 33

a person's subjective description of who he or she is

Front 34

self-image

Back 34

a person's view of self in a particular situation or circumstance

Front 35

attitude

Back 35

learned predisposition to respond to a person, object, or idea in a favorable or unfavorable way

Front 36

belief

Back 36

the way in which you structure your understanding of reality: what is true and what is false

Front 37

value

Back 37

enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong

Front 38

material self

Back 38

your concept of self as reflected in all of the tangible things your own

Front 39

social self

Back 39

your concept of self as developed through your personal, social interactions with others

Front 40

spiritual self

Back 40

your concept of self, based on your thoughts and introspections about your values and moral standards

Front 41

self-reflexiveness

Back 41

the human ability to think about what you are doing while you are doing it

Front 42

self-esteem (self-worth)

Back 42

your evaluation of your worth or value as reflected in your perception of such things as your skills, abilities, talents, and appearance.

Front 43

sex

Back 43

a biological designation of being male or female

Front 44

gender

Back 44

a cultural construction which includes biological sex (male or female), psychological characteristics, attitudes about the sexes, and sexual oreintation

Front 45

social comparison

Back 45

process of comparing yourself to others to measure your worth in a relationship to others who are similar to you.

Front 46

self-expectations

Back 46

goals you set for yourself;how you belief you ought to behave and what you ought to accomplish

Front 47

self-fulfilling prophecy

Back 47

notion that predictions about your future actionsare likely to come true because you belive that they will come true

Front 48

self-talk

Back 48

inner speech; communication with the self

Front 49

visualization

Back 49

technique of imagining that you are performing a particular task in a certain way; a method of enhancing self-esteem

Front 50

reframing

Back 50

process of redefining events and experiences from a different point of view.

Front 51

perception

Back 51

the arousal of any of your senses

Front 52

attention

Back 52

what you attend to or notice in your environment

Front 53

selection

Back 53

what you choose to focus on within a range of stimuli in your environment

Front 54

organization

Back 54

converting information

Front 55

closure

Back 55

perceptual process of filling in missing information

Front 56

interpretation

Back 56

attaching meaning to what is attended to, selected, and organized

Front 57

stereotype

Back 57

generalization applied to persons because you perceive them to have attributes common to a particular group

Front 58

indirect perception checking

Back 58

passively seeking additional information to confirm or repute your interpretations of someone's behavior

Front 59

direct perception checking

Back 59

asking other persons or the person you are observing whether your interpretations of a perception are correct

Front 60

meaning

Back 60

how a person interprets or makes sense of a symbol

Front 61

bypassing

Back 61

the same words mean different things to different people

Front 62

denotative meaning

Back 62

restrictive or literal meaning of a word

Front 63

connotative meaning

Back 63

personal and subjective meaning of a word

Front 64

concrete meaning

Back 64

related to being able to experience a referent with one of the senses

Front 65

abstract meaning

Back 65

meaning resulting from an inability to experience a referent with one of the senses

Front 66

culture

Back 66

a learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, rules, and norms that is shared by a group of people and shaped from one generation to the next.

Front 67

polarization

Back 67

the tendency to describe things in extremes, as though no middle ground exists

Front 68

allness

Back 68

language that reflects unqualified, often untrue generalizations that deny individual differences or variations

Front 69

sexist (exclusive) language

Back 69

language that reveals bias in favor of one sex and against another

Front 70

heterosexist language

Back 70

language that reveals an assumption that the world is heterosexual, as if homosexuality or bisexuality did not exist

Front 71

homophobic language

Back 71

language that overtly denigrates persons of nonheterosexual orientations, usually arising out of a fear of being labeled gay or lesbian

Front 72

generic language

Back 72

general terms that stand for all persons or things within a given catagory

Front 73

trigger word

Back 73

a form of language that arouses strong emotions in listeners

Front 74

supportive communication

Back 74

language that creates a climate of trust, caring, and acceptance

Front 75

defesive communication

Back 75

language that creates a climate of hostility and distrust

Front 76

empathy

Back 76

feeling what another person is feeling