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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nonverbal communication
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- “messages expressed by
nonlinguistic means.” - it includes messages transmitted by vocal means that don’t involve language—the sighs, laughs, and other assorted noises |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
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NONVERBAL SKILLS ARE VITAL
ALL BEHAVIOR HAS COMMUNICATIVE VALUE NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IS PRIMARILY RELATIONAL NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION SERVES MANY FUNCTIONS NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION OFFERS DECEPTION CLUES NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION IS AMBIGUOUS |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Skills are Vital) |
- strong predictor of social efficacy, well being, popularity, attractiveness, success
- related to emotional intelligence |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(All Behavior is Communicative) |
- impossible to not communicate
- each of us a transmitter that cant be turned off - not always intentional - all messages intentional or unintentional are apart of the transactional process and therefore subject to interpretation by another |
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We draw the boundaries of nonverbal
communication more broadly, suggesting that even unconscious and unintentional behavior conveys messages, and thus is worth studying as communication. ==> implications? |
- nonverbal behavior has a tendency to be ambiguous
- it is more resistant to self monitoring than verbal communication |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication is Primarily Relational) |
- more applicable to relational information than content
- paramount in identity management - helps define the types of relationships we wish to have with others (greetings/ eye contact) - conveying emotions - attitudes and feelings not attitudes - nonverbal communication plays a huge part in our identity management (relational roles) |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions) |
- Verbal and non verbal communication are interconnected elements in every act of communication
- repeating - complementing - substituting - accenting - regulating - contradicting |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions:: Repeating) |
- repeating messages nonverbally
- people remember comments accompanied by gestures more than those made with words alone |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions:: Complementing) |
- matching nonverbal messages with thoughts and emotions that the communicator isn't communicating linguistically
- differs from repeating because your dealing with thoughts and emotions that will enhance the message ( ex thank you with a smile) |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions:: Substituting) |
- man nonverbal messages substitute for speech
- useful when communicators are reluctant to express their feelings in words (glare, roll eyes) |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions:: Accenting) |
- adds emphasis to verbal speech
- accenting particular words for content effects |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions:: Regulating) |
- influencing the flow of verbal communication
- tonal turn taking cues - nodding and changing our body position |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication Serves Many Functions:: Contradicting) |
- often express contradicting messages
- as adults we rely more on nonverbal cues to form many impressions - mixed messages |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Communication Offers Deception Clues) |
- inadvertent signals of deception may come through many different channels (leakage)
- ex speech errors, dilated pupils, higher pitched voice, etc - average is about 50/50 lie detection - we tend to assume people are not lying to us |
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Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
(Nonverbal Communication is Ambiguous) |
- nonverbal behaviors may carry with them many possible meanings more so than verbal messages
- consider body language, a wink and a kiss ... how many messages can be surmised from those behaviors |
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Influences on Nonverbal Communication :: Gender
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- Gender (more similar than different however females have an affinity for being more non-verbally expressive likely because of socialization)
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Influences on Nonverbal Communication :: Culture pt 1
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- some nonverbal messages have different meanings in different cultures
- nonverbal messages are culture specific - what is vulgar in one culture is not in another - not recognizing differences in nonverbal rules can lead to unintentional consequences in which neither communicator understands why communication is being stifled (ex the closer Middle Eastern proxemics can cause boundary issues yet is considered respectful in the Middle east) - deviations from normal nonverbal cultural behaviors can cause discomfort in communicators |
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Influences on Nonverbal Communication :: Culture pt 2
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- use of time differs greatly depending on culture
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What influence on nonverbal communication do the terms monochronic and polychronic refer too?
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- the influence of culture on time more specifically the use of time in culture
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Monochronic
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- (RAW) mono "single / one" + chronic "time"
- (def) a cultural treatment of time that emphasizes punctuality, schedules, and completing one task at a time (western) |
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Polychronic
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- (RAW) poly "many" + chronic "time"
- flexible schedules in which multiple tasks are pursued at the same time (Latin America / Arab world) |
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An example of nonverbal differences in American culture.
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- west vs east coast
- back vs white basically every co culture will have exercise nonverbal techniques mixed racial groups will converge in their nonverbal behavior |
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Are their nonverbal behaviors that are universal? if so what are a few ..
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- yes, smiling and laughter are universal signs of positive emotions
DeePoP universal nonverbal behaviors were likely evolutionary adaptations to display positive and negative emotions during the time of early man |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
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- Body Movement
- Voice - Touch - Appearance - Physical Space - Time |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Body Movement
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Kinesics (body position or motion)
---> body orientation (def. face forwards) ---> Posture (ex tension vs relaxation) ---> Gestures (ex illustrator, emblems and adaptors(manipulators) ) ---> Face and Eyes (ex micro-expressions) |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Body Movement (body orientation)
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def. degree in which we face forward with our body head and feet
- ex turning our head slightly to the side can communicate disinterest |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Body Movement (posture)
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def. how you carry yourself (parallels practical use)
- more relaxed = higher status - more tense (rigid) = lower status |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Body Movement (Gestures)
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def. movements of the hands and arms
- illustrators (complementing gestures; do not stand alone ...ex pointing when giving directions) - Emblems (deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have a precise meaning known to virtually everyone within a cultural group... unlike illustrators they can function as substitutes.. ex head nod for a "yes" response) - Adaptors (unconscious bodily movement in response to the environment.. ex shivering) - Manipulators (self touching, often in the presence of discomfort) |
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A careful observer will for either an increase or a decrease in the usual levels of ....
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gestures
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Body Movement (Face and Eyes)
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- huge range
- microexpressions (fleeting facial expressions) - genuine facial expressions usually don't last more than 5 seconds - direct eye contact = compliance - "making eyes" (explicit message of interest in another communicated with the eyes) |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Voice
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- another channel of nonverbal communication
- paralanguage (def. non verbal vocal messages. The way the message is spoken ex. tone, pitch, volume, pause (intentional pause *dilberate, controlled stopping of speech/ vocalized pause *ummmm...*) |
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How does the use of "content free speech" support the importance of paralanguage communication?
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- recognizing specific emotions and intensity of those emotions
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удача
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Вы думали, я не мог говорить России ...HA!
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Touch
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Haptics - study of touch
- range of messages function/professional --> friendship and aggression - touch can influence compliance |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Appearance
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- the we look sending messages
- physical attractiveness :: we are aware of physical attraction at a young age; leads to favorable social outcomes; halo effect Clothing :: conveys a variety of messages economic level, education level, social position, etc - es respondents positive behaviors towards well dressed hallway couple |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Touch
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Haptics - study of touch
- range of messages function/professional --> friendship and aggression - touch can influence compliance |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Proxemics
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def. the study of the way people and animals use space
- Distance (each of us carry a normal bubble of personal space around us) (Intimate skin - 18", personal 18" - 4ft , social 4ft - 12ft, public 12ft++ ) territory - locations in which we assume rights; ownership like feeling if ownership is not literal |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Appearance
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- the we look sending messages
- physical attractiveness :: we are aware of physical attraction at a young age; leads to favorable social outcomes; halo effect Clothing :: conveys a variety of messages economic level, education level, social position, etc - es respondents positive behaviors towards well dressed hallway couple |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Physical Environment
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- environments send messages about communicators
- can affect the nature of communication (likely or unlikely / positive or negative feelings) |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Proxemics
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def. the study of the way people and animals use space
- Distance (each of us carry a normal bubble of personal space around us) (Intimate skin - 18", personal 18" - 4ft , social 4ft - 12ft, public 12ft++ ) territory - locations in which we assume rights; ownership like feeling if ownership is not literal |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Time
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chronemics - how humans use and structure time
-correlation between waiting and status - correlation between value of relationships and time spent |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Physical Environment
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- environments send messages about communicators
- can affect the nature of communication (likely or unlikely / positive or negative feelings) |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication :: Time
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chronemics - how humans use and structure time
-correlation between waiting and status - correlation between value of relationships and time spent |
