Co210 Unit 2

Front 1

Sex

Back 1

Sex refers to the biological and physiological qualities that characterize men and women; sex is determined by genes, by biology.

Front 2

Enculturation

Back 2

Culture is transmitted from one generation to another through enculturation, the process by which you learn the culture into which you’re born (your native culture).

Front 3

Acculturation

Back 3

A somewhat different process of learning culture is acculturation, the process by which you learn the rules and norms of a culture different from your native culture. In acculturation, your original or native culture is modified through direct contact with or exposure to a new and different “host” culture.

Front 4

Politeness

Back 4

Civility, consideration, refinement, respect, and regard for others as expressed verbally and nonverbally; interaction that follows the socially accepted rules for interpersonal interaction.

Front 5

Individualist culture

Back 5

An individualist culture teaches members the importance of individual values such as power, achievement, hedonism, and stimulation.

Front 6

Collectivist culture

Back 6

A collectivist culture, on the other hand, teaches members the importance of group values such as benevolence, tradition, and conformity.

Front 7

Universalism

Back 7

A universalist culture (highly correlated with individualism) is one in which people are treated as individuals, rather than in terms of the groups (racial, sexual, national, for example) to which they belong.

Front 8

Exclusionism

Back 8

An exclusionist orientation (highly correlated with collectivism) fosters a strong in-group affiliation with much less respect for out- group members.

Front 9

High-context culture

Back 9

In a high-context culture much of the information in communication is in the context or in the person – for example, information that was shared through previous communications, through assumptions about each other, and through shared experiences.

Front 10

Low-context culture

Back 10

In a low-context culture most of the information is explicitly stated in the verbal message.

Front 11

Face-saving

Back 11

A frequent source of intercultural misunderstanding that can be traced to the distinction between high- and low-context cultures is seen in face-saving.

Front 12

Face-saving

Back 12

Maintaining a positive public self-image in the minds of others. In conflict use face-saving strategies to allow your opponent to save face; avoid beltlining, or hitting your opponent with attacks that he or she will have difficulty absorbing and will resent.

Front 13

High-power-distance cultures

Back 13

In some cultures power is concentrated in the hands of a few, and there’s a great difference between the power held by these people and the power of the ordinary citizen. These are called high-power-distance cultures.

Front 14

Low-power-distance cultures

Back 14

In low-power-distance cultures power is more evenly distributed throughout the citizenry.

Front 15

Masculine culture

Back 15

A highly masculine culture values aggressiveness, material success, and strength.

Front 16

Feminine culture

Back 16

A highly feminine culture values modesty, concern for relationships and the quality of life, and tenderness.

Front 17

Ambiguity tolerance

Back 17

A cultural orientation concerned with the degree of discomfort with uncertainty.

Front 18

Long-term orientation

Back 18

Some cultures teach a long-term orientation, an orientation that promotes the importance of future rewards and so, for example, members of these cultures are more apt to save for the future and to prepare for the future academically.

Front 19

Short-term orientation

Back 19

Cultures fostering a short-term orientation look more to the past and the present. Instead of saving for the future, members of this culture spend their resources for the present and, not surprisingly, want quick results from their efforts.

Front 20

Indulgence

Back 20

Cultures high in indulgence are those that emphasize the gratification of desires; they focus on having fun and enjoying life.

Front 21

Restraint

Back 21

Cultures high in restraint, on the other hand, are those that foster the curbing of such gratification and its regulation by social norms.

Front 22

Intercultural communication

Back 22

… the term intercultural communication refers to communication between persons who have cultural beliefs, values, or ways of behaving.

Front 23

Cultural sensitivity

Back 23

Cultural sensitivity is an attitude and way of behaving in which you’re aware of and acknowledge cultural differences.

Front 24

Ethnic identity

Back 24

… a commitment to the beliefs and philosophy of your culture.

Front 25

Ethnocentrism

Back 25

… ethnocentrism is the tendency to see others and their behaviors through your own cultural filters, often as distortions of your own behaviors. It’s the tendency to evaluate the values, beliefs, and behaviors of your own culture as more positive superior, logical, and natural than those of other cultures.

Front 26

Stereotype

Back 26

A sociological or psychological stereotype is a fixed impression of people

Front 27

Media literacy

Back 27

Media literacy aims to enable you to understand, analyze and evaluate the messages from the various media.

Front 28

Media literacy

Back 28

Media literacy aims to empower you to interact with the media, to talk back to the media, and to provide the skills for your influencing the media rather than only the other way around.

Front 29

Media literacy

Back 29

Media literacy aims to educate you to use the available resources to create your own media messages.

Front 30

Media literacy

Back 30

Media literacy, then, may be defined as the ability to understand, analyze, and evaluate media messages, to interact with the media, and to use the available resources to create your own media messages.