Cnn

Front 1

Debate v3/v2 verb

Back 1

to discuss sth, especially formally, before making a decision or finding a solution discuss~ (sth) Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.

to think carefully about sth before making a decision~ (with yourself)She debated with herself for a while, and then picked up the phone

Front 2

Debate n/v noun di'beit

Back 2

a formal discussion of an issue at a public meeting or in a parliament. In a debate two or more speakers express opposing views and then there is often a vote on the issuea debate on abortion The minister opened the debate (= was the first to speak). The motion under debate (= being discussed) was put to a vote

an argument or discussion expressing different opinionsa heated/wide-ranging/lively debate the current debate about tax There had been much debate on the issue of childcare

Front 3

Capitol kapite^l

Back 3

1the building in Washington, D.C. where the US Congress meets2the building that each US state has in its capital city, where government officers meet to discuss new laws and make decisions for that state

Front 4

Congress ka:ngres n3

Us

Back 4

2Congress (in the US and some other countries) the name of the group of people who are elected to make laws, in the US consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives

Congress will vote on the proposals tomorrow

a large formal meeting or series of meetings where representatives from different groups discuss ideas, make decisions, etcan international congress of trades unions

used in the names of political parties in some countriesthe African National Congress

Front 5

Rink

Back 5

1a specially prepared area of ice that you can skate on SYN ice rink2a special area with a smooth surface where you can go around on roller skates SYN skating rink

Front 6

Breach bri:ts n7/v2 verb

Back 6

1to break a law, rule, or agreement SYN break:The company accused him of breaching his contract.2to break a hole in a wall that is intended to protect a place:The storm had breached the sea wall in two places.

Front 7

Breach n/v noun

Back 7

1 [countable, uncountable] ~ of sth a failure to do sth that must be done by lawa breach of contract/copyright/warranty They are in breach of Article 119. (BrE) (a) breach of the peace (= the crime of behaving in a noisy or violent way in public

of sth an action that breaks an agreement to behave in a particular waya breach of confidence/trust a breach of security (= when sth that is normally protected is no longer secure

Front 8

Article n6. Law

Back 8

a separate item in an agreement or a contractArticle 10 of the European Convention guarantees free speech

a part of a law or legal agreement that deals with a particular point:Article 1 of the constitution guarantees freedom of religion

Front 9

Alleged e^led3d. Adj1

Back 9

formalan .... crime, fact etc is one that someone says has happened or is true, although it has not been proved

.... offence/crime/incident etc

their alleged involvement in international terrorismThe alleged victim made the complaint at a police station in York.

The girl gave evidence in court against her alleged attacker

Front 10

Allege e^led3

Back 10

passive] (formal)to state sth as a fact but without giving proof

carelessly.it is alleged (that)… It is alleged that he mistreated the prisoners.

prisoners.be alleged to be, have, etc. sth He is alleged to have mistreated the prisoners

The girl gave evidence in court against her alleged attacker

Front 11

Contextualize ken'textsue^l v1

Back 11

to consider sth in relation to the situation in which it happens or exists

s important as the photograph is a caption to contextualize the image

to consider something together with the situation, events, or information related to it, rather than alone:The essays seek to contextualise Kristeva’s writings

Front 12

Filing 3

Back 12

3 a document, report etc that is officially recorded:a bankruptcy filing

the work of arranging documents in the correct files

Front 13

Chilling adj2

Back 13

something that is .....makes you feel frightened, especially because it is cruel, violent, or dangerous:the chilling sound of wolves howling—chillingly adverb:It was chillingly clear that he wanted revenge

frightening, usually because it is connected with sth violent or cruela chilling story The film evokes chilling reminders of the war

Front 14

Besiege bi'si:d3

Back 14

origin1 ~ sth to surround a building, city, etc. with soldiers until the people inside are forced to let you in

Fans besieged the box office to try and get tickets for the concert

(especially of sth unpleasant or annoying) to surround sb/sth in large numbersThe actress was besieged by reporters at the airport

to send so many letters, ask so many questions, etc. that it is difficult for sb to deal with them allThe radio station was besieged with calls from angry listeners

Front 15

Lure n/v verb lur

Back 15

sb (+ adv./prep.) (disapproving)to persuade or trick sb to go somewhere or to do sth by promising them a reward enticeThe child was lured into a car but managed to escape. Young people are lured to the city by the prospect of a job and money

the attractive qualities of sthFew can resist the lure of adventure

a thing that is used to attract fish or animals, so that they can be caught

Front 16

Absent-minded adj1

Back 16

tending to forget things, perhaps because you are not thinking about what is around you, but about sth else

Grandpa's becoming quite absent-minded. ˌabsent-ˈminded•

Front 17

Set sth right right

Set sb right

Back 17

.... (=correct something)It didn’t take long to find the fault and put it right

to tell someone the right way to do something or the true facts about somethingset somebody straight/right onI set him right on a few points of procedure

Front 18

Imbecile imbesi:l

Back 18

someone who is very stupid or behaves very stupidly SYN idiot:He looked at me as if I was a total imbecile

1 a rude way to describe a person that you think is very stupid idiotThey behaved like imbeciles

Front 19

Pardon exc n adj verb noun

To ask recieve pardon

Back 19

] an official decision not to punish sb for a crime, or to say that sb is not guilty of a crimeto ask/grant/receive a pardon

the action of forgiving sb for sth forgivenessHe asked her pardon for having deceived her

Front 20

Pardon verb exc

Back 20

to officially allow sb who has been found guilty of a crime to leave prison and/or avoid punishmentShe was pardoned after serving ten years of a life sentence

especially in NAmE) used to ask sb to repeat sth because you did not hear it or did not understand it‘You're very quiet today.’ ‘Pardon?’ ‘I said you're very quiet today.’2 (also ˌpardon ˈme) used by some people to say ‘sorry’ when they have accidentally made a rude noise, or said or done sth wrong

Front 21

Commutation kamju'teishn n2

Back 21

act of making a punishment less severea ... of the death sentence to life imprisonment

the act of replacing one method of payment with another; a payment that is replaced with another

Front 22

Clemency ' klemensi n1

Grant/gine ckemency

Back 22

orgiveness and less severe punishment for a crimegrant/give somebody clemencyShe was granted clemency after killing her violent husband.

Front 23

Issue n/v. Verb law

Back 23

to start a legal process against sb, especially by means of an official documentto issue a writ against sb A warrant has been issued for his arrest

1 ~ sth (to sb) to make sth known formallyThey issued a joint statement denying the charges. The police have issued an appeal for witnesses

ˈissue from sth(formal) to come out of sth

Front 24

Batch n/v

Back 24

example bank1 a number of people or things that are dealt with as a groupEach summer a new batch of students tries to find work. He worked his way through the batch of letters on his desk

We deliver the goods in batches.2 an amount of food, medicine, etc. produced at one timea batch of cookies loaves of bread baked in batches of 20

Front 25

Dole n/v. Doul

Dole sth out

Back 25

(to sb)(informal) to give out an amount of food, money, etc. to a number of people in a group

singular] (usually the dole) (BrE, informal)money paid by the state to unemployed peopleHe's been on the dole (= without a job) for a year. The government is changing the rules for claiming dole. lengthening dole queues

Front 26

Provoke pre^vouk v2

Provoke sb into doing sth

Back 26

sb (into sth/into doing sth)| ~ sb to do sth to say or do sth that you know will annoy sb so that they react in an angry way

sth to cause a particular reaction or have a particular effectThe announcement provoked a storm of protest. The article was intended to provoke discussion. Dairy products may provoke allergic reactions in some people

Front 27

Restricted adj4 of place

Back 27

(of a place) only open to people with special permission, especially because it is secret or dangerousto enter a restricted zone

controlled by rules or lawsto allow children only restricted access to the Internet

1.limited or small in size or amounta restricted space

Front 28

Mass n2. Cermony

Back 28

especially in the Roman Catholic Church) a ceremony held in memory of the last meal that Christ had with his disciplesto go to Mass a priest celebrating/saying Mass

a piece of music that is written for the prayers, etc. of this ceremonyBach's Mass in B minor

Front 29

Cathedral ke^'thidrel

Matthew the apostle e^'pasel

Apostle

Origin: apostolus, from Greek, ‘bringer of messages, apostle’, from apostellein ‘to send away’, from apo- ( → APOCALYPSE) + stellein ‘to send’

Back 29

the main church of a district, under the care of a bishop (= a priest of high rank)St Paul's Cathedral

also known as Saint Matthew and as Levi, was, according to the New Testament, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. According to Christian traditions, he was also one of the four Evangelists and thus is also known as Matthew the Evangelist, a claim rejected by the majority of modern biblical scholars

Apostle

1one of the 12 people chosen by Jesus Christ to teach and spread the Christian religion

Front 30

Anthem

National anthem

Back 30

the official song of a nation that is sung on special occasions

1 a song that has a special importance for a country, an organization or a particular group of people, and is sung on special occasionsThe European anthem was played at the opening and closing ceremonies

Front 31

Spangle n/v

Star spangled banner

the national anthem (= song) of the US

Back 31

N. word origina small piece of shiny metal or plastic used to decorate clothes

to cover or to decorate sth with small pieces of sth shiny

Banner

a long piece of cloth with a message on it that is carried between two poles or hung in a public place to show support for sth

2a belief or principlecarry/raise/wave etc the banner of something (=publicly support a particular belief etc)She’d never felt the need to carry the banner of feminism

4a flag

Front 32

Sincerely sin'sieli

Yours sincerely

Back 32

adverbin a way that shows what you really feel or think about sb/sth I sincerely believe that this is the right decision. ‘I won't let you down.’ ‘I sincerely hope not

Sincerely (yours))(formal) used at the end of a formal letter before you sign your name, when you have addressed sb by their name

Front 33

Abortion n3 e'borshen

Abort

Back 33

the deliberate ending of a pregnancy at an early stageto support/oppose abortion a woman's right to abortion

a medical operation to end a pregnancy at an early stage

to end a pregnancy early in order to prevent a baby from developing and being born alive

Front 34

Readily adv 2 'redili

Back 34

1quickly and easily:Boats are readily available to visitors.The information is readily accessible on the Internet.2quickly, willingly, and without complaining:Jack readily agreed to help

Front 35

Solid. Material

Exp solid wood gold ...

Back 35

6made completely of the material mentioned (that is, the material is not only on the surface)a solid gold bracelet

Front 36

Lifespan laifspaen n

Back 36

the average length of time that someone will live or that something will continue to work → lifetime:Men have a shorter lifespan than women.a lifespan of 5 days/10 years etcA TV set has an average lifespan of 11 years

Front 37

Poly

Back 37

Pa:li

Front 38

Plank. Plaenk m2

Back 38

a long narrow flat piece of wood that is used for making floors, etca plank of wood a wooden plank

Front 39

Big box n1

Back 39

(NAmE, informal)a very large shop/store, built on one level and located outside a town, which sells goods at low pricesWhen a big-box store opens, smaller retailers often go out of business. Efforts were made to limit big-box expansion

Front 40

Pro

The pros and cons

Back 40

ˌ....the advantages and disadvantages of sthWe weighed up the pros and cons

Front 41

Variety ve'raieti

A variety

Back 41

1a .... of something a lot of things of the same type that are different from each other in some way:The girls come from a variety of different backgrounds

Front 42

Vinly. Vainil

Back 42

uncountable]1 a strong plastic that can bend easily, used for making wall, floor and furniture coverings, book covers, and, especially in the past, records2 records made of vinyl, in contrast to CDsMy dad had to buy CDs of all the albums he already

Front 43

Revive v2

Back 43

e] to become, or to make sb/sth become, conscious or healthy and strong again

to make sth start being used or done againThis quaint custom should be revived

o produce again a play, etc. that has not been performed for some timeThis 1930s musical is being revived at the National Theatre

Front 44

Puddle pa^dl n1

Back 44

a small amount of water or other liquid, especially rain, that has collected in one place on the ground

Front 45

Volatile va:letl. Adj 3 substance

Opp sabtle

Back 45

a ..... liquid or substance changes easily into a gas OPP stable

2someone who is volatile can suddenly become angry or violent

1a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning OPP stable:an increasingly volatile political situationthe highly volatile stock and bond markets

Front 46

Odor 'ouderb

Odour

Back 46

a smell, especially one that is unpleasanta foul/musty/pungent, etc. odour the stale odour of cigarette smoke

Front 47

Crossword n1

Back 47

a word game in which you write the answers to questions in a pattern of numbered boxes:I like to sit down and do the crossword

Front 48

Private sector

Back 48

The part of national economy that is not under direct state control.

Front 49

Tap verb5 ideas

Also tap into

Back 49

(also tap into) to make as much use as possible of the ideas, experience, knowledge etc that a group of people has

People are tapping into the power supply illegally

We hope that additional sources of funding can be tapped

1.to hit your fingers lightly on something, for example to get someone’s attentiontap somebody on the shoulder/arm/chest etcHe turned as someone tapped him on the shoulder

Front 50

Back v7

Support

Back 50

to support an idea by providing facts, proof etc:His claims are not backed by any scientific evidence

to support someone or something, especially by giving them money or using your influence:The scheme has been backed by several major companies in the region

to be at the back of something or behind it:The Jandia Peninsula is a stretch of white sands backed by a mountain range

Front 51

Feasible fi:zibl adj1

Back 51

that is possible and likely to be achieved practicablea..... plan/suggestion/idea It's just not feasible to manage the business on a part-time basis

Front 52

Rational raeshe^nel

Back 52

(of behaviour, ideas, etc.) based on reason rather than emotionsa rational argument/choice/decision rational analysis/thought

of a person) able to think clearly and make decisions based on reason rather than emotions

Front 53

Glimps n2/v2

Back 53

a look at sb/sth for a very short time, when you do not see the person or thing completelyHe caught a glimpse of her in the crowd

Front 54

Coup ku:. N2. Ku:deta

Coup de'tat

Back 54

1a sudden and sometimes violent attempt by citizens or the army to take control of the government SYN coup d'état:Haiti’s first elected President was deposed in a violent military coup.a coup attempt by junior officersHe evaded capture after the failed coup

2an achievement that is extremely impressive because it was very difficult:Beating Arsenal was a major coup for the club

Front 55

Pigeon pid2in

Homing pigeon

Back 55

a p

....(= a type of bird) that has been trained to find its way home from a long distance away, and that people race against other pigeons for sport

Front 56

Chancellor. Tsaenseler n3

Back 56

3.the head of government in Germany or AustriaChancellor Adenauer

the official head of a university in Britain. Chancellor is an honorary title.

used in the titles of some senior state officials in Britainthe Lord Chancellor (= a senior law official

Front 57

Lattice

Latticework

Back 57

a structure that is made of strips of wood or metal that cross over each other with spaces shaped like a diamond between them, used, for example, as a fence; any structure or pattern like this

low wall of stone latticework a lattice of branches

Front 58

Usher a^sher n2

Back 58

1someone who shows people to their seats at a theatre, cinema, wedding etc2British English someone who works in a law court whose job is to guide people in and out of the courtrooms

Front 59

Cocoa koukou

Back 59

: cacao1(also cocoa powder) a brown powder made from cocoa beans, used to make chocolate and to give a chocolate taste to foods2a sweet hot drink made with cocoa powder, sugar, and milk or water:a cup of cocoa

Front 60

Stoicism stouisize*^m n1

Stoic stouik

Back 60

the fact of not complaining or showing what you are feeling when you are sufferingShe endured her long illness with stoicism

Front 61

Jogger

Back 61

someone who runs slowly and steadily as a way of exercising:a jogger out for his early morning run

Front 62

Abrasion e^brei3en

Back 62

a damaged area of the skin where it has been rubbed against sth hard and roughHe suffered cuts and abrasions to the face

damage to a surface caused by rubbing sth very hard against itDiamonds have extreme resistance to abrasion

Front 63

Pore n1 po:r

Verb 1 pore over sth

Back 63

one of the very small holes in your skin that sweat can pass through; one of the similar small holes in the surface of a plant or a rock

ore over something phrasal verbto read or look at something very carefully for a long time:She was poring over a book

Front 64

Secure v3 adj. Verb get

Back 64

1.to obtain or achieve sth, especially when this means using a lot of effort~ sthto secure a contract/deal

The team managed to secure a place in the finals. She secured 2 000 votes. The delegation has secured the promise of a ceasefire

to attach or fasten sth firmlyShe secured the rope firmly to the back of the car. The tables on board were secured firmly to the floor

Front 65

Commodity ke^madeti

Back 65

1a product that is bought and sold:agricultural commoditiesCommodity prices fell sharply

a useful quality or thing:Time is a precious commodity

Front 66

Cordial kord3el n2 adj1. Noum

Back 66

a sweet drink that does not contain alcohol, made from fruit juice. It is drunk with water added

pleasant and friendly

example bankThe government wisely maintained cordial relations with the Russians

Front 67

Junta hunte^

Spanish

Back 67

a military government that has taken power by force

Front 68

Pharmaceutical farme^su:tikel n1/adj1

Back 68

connected with making and selling drugs and medicinespharmaceutical products the pharmaceutical industry

drug or medicinethe development of new pharmaceuticals the pharmaceuticals industry

Front 69

Broker n/v

White-house broker

Stock broker

Honest-broker

Pawn broker

Back 69

a person who buys and sells things for other peoplean insurance broker

Stock broker

a person or an organization that buys and sells shares for other people

Honest broker

a person or country that tries to get other people or countries to reach an agreement or to solve a problem, without getting involved with either side

a person or an organization that buys and sells shares for other peopleHonest brokera person or country that tries to get other people or countries to reach an agreement or to solve a problem, without getting involved with either sidePawn brokera person who lends money in exchange for articles left with them. If the money is not paid back by a particular time, the pawnbroker can sell the article.

Pawn broker

a person who lends money in exchange for articles left with them. If the money is not paid back by a particular time, the pawnbroker can sell the article.

Front 70

Power broker

Back 70

a person who has a strong influence on who has political power in an area

someone who controls or influences which people get political power in an area

Front 71

Retain v3

Back 71

1to keep something or continue to have something:You have the right to retain possession of the goods.The state wants to .... control of food imports

3to remember information:I find it very difficult to retain facts

Front 72

Rubble sa^bel n1

Back 72

broken stones or bricks from a building or wall that has been destroyed or damagedThe bomb reduced the houses to rubble. There were piles of rubble everywhere

Front 73

Mass

Capital m.

Saying mass

Back 73

especially in the Roman Catholic Church) a ceremony held in memory of the last meal that Christ had with his disciplesto go to Mass a priest celebrating/saying Mass

Front 74

Backdrop n3

Back 74

2everything that can be seen around an event that is taking place, but which is not part of that eventThe mountains provided a dramatic backdrop for our picnic

the general conditions in which an event takes place, which sometimes help to explain that eventIt was against this backdrop of racial tension that the civil war began

the scenery behind something that you are looking atbackdrop toThe sea made a splendid backdrop to the garden

Front 75

Once adv5/conj

Once_great vibrant

Back 75

3.3at some time in the past, but not now:Sonya and Ida had once been close friends.She and her husband had once owned a house like this

Front 76

Vibrant vaib

Back 76

full of life and energy excitinga vibrant city Thailand is at its most vibrant during the New Year celebrations

of colours) very bright and strong brilliantThe room was decorated in vibrant reds and yellows

Front 77

Fanaticisim

Fanatic. Fe^naetic

Back 77

1someone who has extreme political or religious ideas and is often dangerous SYN extremist:fanatics who represent a real danger to democracya religious fanatic

2someone who likes a particular thing or activity very much SYN enthusiast:a health food fanatica fitness fanatic

Front 78

Zeal n1

Back 78

great energy or enthusiasm connected with sth that you feel strongly abouther missionary/reforming/religious/political zeal

Front 79

Uncritical adj1

Back 79

Word familyunable or unwilling to see faults in something or someone – used to show disapproval

not willing to criticize sb/sth or to judge whether sb/sth is right or wrongHer uncritical acceptance of everything I said began to irritate me

Front 80

Redouble ri:da^bel

Back 80

to increase sth or make it strongerThe leading banks are expected to redouble their efforts to keep the value of the dollar down. redoubled enthusiasm Their doubts were redoubled by this news

Front 81

Ravage. Raevid3 v1

Back 81

o damage something very badly:a country ravaged by civil warHis health was gradually ravaged by drink and drugs

Front 82

Survey n3v3

Back 82

to look carefully at the whole of sth, especially in order to get a general impression of it inspect The next morning we surveyed the damage caused by the fire. He surveyed himself in the mirror before going out. She opened her eyes and surveyed her surroundings

to examine a building to make sure it is in good conditionHave the house surveyed before you decide whether to buy

Front 83

Denunciation n1

Back 83

an act of criticizing sb/sth strongly in publican angry denunciation of the government's policies

a public statement in which you criticize someone or something → denounce

Front 84

Reaffirm ri:e'ferm v1

Back 84

to state sth again in order to emphasize that it is still trueThe President reaffirmed his commitment to democratic elections

Front 85

Conviction ken'v opinion 3

Back 85

a very strong belief or opinionreligious/political etc convictionsa woman of strong political convictionsdeep/strong convictionThe Dotens have a deep conviction that marriage is for life

Front 86

Fraternity fre^'t3:neti

Back 86

a feeling of friendship and support that exists between the members of a groupthe ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity

] a group of people sharing the same profession, interests or beliefsmembers of the medical/banking/racing, etc. fraternity

Front 87

Fratricide n1

Back 87

the crime of killing your brother or sister; a person who is guilty of this crime

matricide, parricide, patricide2 the crime of killing people of your own country or group; a person who is guilty of this crime

Front 88

Fratricide n1

Back 88

the crime of killing your brother or sister; a person who is guilty of this crime

matricide, parricide, patricide2 the crime of killing people of your own country or group; a person who is guilty of this crime

Front 89

Joyous. D3oies

Back 89

very happy; causing people to be happy joyfuljoyous laughter She could now enjoy the joyous prospect of being reunited with him again

Front 90

Eager adj1

Back 90

very interested and excited by sth that is going to happen or about sth that you want to do keeneager crowds outside the stadium

Front 91

Persecution

Persecute p3rsikjut

Back 91

) to treat sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race, religion or political beliefsThroughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. persecuted minorities

uncountable, countable]the victims of religious persecution They fled to Europe to escape persecution

Front 92

Adhere e^dhier v1

Adhere to sth

Back 92

to stick firmly to sthOnce in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells. Clean the surface first, or the paint will not adhere. There was oil adhering to the bird's feathers

adˈhere to sth(formal) to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions, etc; to follow a particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing sth

Front 93

Refrain ri'frein v1/n

Back 93

To not do something that you want to do → abstainrefrain from (doing) somethingPlease refrain from smoking in this area.

1part of a song or poem that is repeated, especially at the end of each

Front 94

Seat n10

Seat of government

Back 94

5seat of government/power formal a city where a country’s government is based

Front 95

Storm off/into .....

Back 95

to go somewhere in a noisy fast way that shows you are extremely angry

Alan stormed out of the room

to suddenly attack and enter a place using a lot of force:An angry crowd stormed the embassy

Front 96

Set n film

Back 96

] a place where a film or television programme is filmed

Cruise met Kidman on the set of ‘Days of Thunder

Front 97

Skewer. N/v. Criticize skjuer

Back 97

2to criticize someone very strongly, often in a way that other people find humorous:Du Bois skewered Washington’s policies in his book, ‘The Souls of Black Folks

1to make a hole through a piece of food, an object etc with a skewer or with some other pointed object

Front 98

Give up on sth

Back 98

to stop hoping that someone or something will change or improve:He’d been in a coma for six months, and doctors had almost given up on him.At that point, I hadn’t completely given up on the marriage

Front 99

Sledge bre. Sledge

Sled dog race

Back 99

a small vehicle used for sliding over snow, often used by children or in some sports

o travel on a sledge

Front 100

Snowdrift

Back 100

nouna deep pile of snow that has been blown together by the windThe car got stuck in a snowdrift

Front 101

Been through alot

Back 101

Experienced a hard time

Examples She cries easily because she’s been through a lot. Her brother died recently

Front 102

Ripple effect

Back 102

... effect a situation in which one action causes another, which then causes a third etc SYN domino effect:The increase had a ripple effect through the whole financial market

1a small low wave on the surface of a liquid:ripples on the surface of the pondShe dived into the pool, making scarcely a ripple

Front 103

Elusive adj

Back 103

an ..... person or animal is difficult to find or not often seen:She managed to get an interview with that elusive man

2an elusive result is difficult to achieve:She enjoys a firm reputation in this country but wider international success has been elusive

3an elusive idea or quality is difficult to describe or understand:For me, the poem has an elusive quality

Front 104

Tangible taend3ibe^l adj

Back 104

1 [usually before noun] that can be clearly seen to exist

tangible benefits/improvements/results, etc. We cannot accept his findings without tangible evidence. tangible assets (= a company's buildings, machinery, etc.

Front 105

Remedy n/v n3

Solution

Back 105

1a way of dealing with a problem or making a bad situation better SYN solution:The problems in our schools do not have a simple remedy.remedy forThe program is one remedy for discrimination

2a medicine to cure an illness or pain that is not very serious SYN curecold/cough remedyremedy fora remedy for colds

Front 106

Call for sb/sth 4

Back 106

1if a group of people....., they ask publicly for something to be done:Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners

Human Rights groups are calling for the release of political prisoners.2to need or deserve a particular type of behaviour or treatment:Dealing with children who are so damaged calls for immense tact and sensitivity.That kind of abuse is really not called for (=it is unnecessary and unwelcome

Front 107

Reparation repe^reition

Reparations

Back 107

.... [plural] money that is paid by a country that has lost a war, for the damage, injuries, etc. that it has caused

] the act of giving sth to sb or doing sth for them in order to show that you are sorry for suffering that you have causedOffenders should be forced to make reparation to the community

Front 108

Memoir. Memwa:r

Memoirs

Back 108

1memoirs [plural] a book by someone important and famous in which they write about their life and experiences:Lady Thatcher had just published her memoirs.2formal a short piece of writing about a person or place that you knew well, or an event that you experienced

Front 109

Adversarial aedveseriel adj1

Back 109

especially of political or legal systems) involving people who are in opposition and who make attacks on each otherthe adversarial nature of the two-party system an adversarial system of justice

Front 110

Thriller thrIler n1

Back 110

a book or film that tells an exciting story about murder or crime

Front 111

Abusive abjusiv. Adj2

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of speech or of a person) rude and offensive; criticizing rudely and unfairlyabusive language/remarks

of behaviour) involving violencean abusive relationship abu•sive•ly

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Lust n2v1

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very strong sexual desire, especially when love is not involvedTheir affair was driven by pure lust

) very strong desire for sth or enjoyment of sthto satisfy his lust for power She has a real lust for life (= she really enjoys

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Versatility

Versatile adj2

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of a person) able to do many different thingsHe's a versatile actor who has played a wide variety of parts.2 (of food, a building, etc.) having many different usesEggs are easy to cook and are an extremely versatile food. ver•sa•til•ity/BrE ˌvɜːsəˈtɪləti; NAmE ˌvɜːrsəˈtɪləti/ noun [uncountable]She is a designer of extraordinary versatility

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Manicure maenikju n1/v1

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the care and treatment of a person's hands and nailsto have a manicure

to care for and treat your hands and nails

late 19th cent.: from French, from Latin manus ‘hand’ + cura ‘care

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Lawsuit la:sut n1

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a claim or complaint against sb that a person or an organization can make in courtHe filed a lawsuit against his record company

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Striking straikin adj

Exp striking feature

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interesting and unusual enough to attract attention

She bears a striking resemblance to her older sister. In striking contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming

very attractive, often in an unusual way stunningstriking good looks She was undoubtedly a very striking young woman

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Suburb sa^b3:b n1

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an area where people live that is outside the centre of a citya suburb of London a London suburb They live in the suburbs

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Implore v1 im'plor

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to ask sb to do sth in an anxious way because you want or need it very much

beseech, beg~ sb to do sth She implored him to stay.~ (sb) + speech ‘Help me,’ he implored.~ sb Tell me it's true. I implore you

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Sentiment n2

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) a feeling or an opinion, especially one based on emotions

the spread of nationalist sentiments This is a sentiment I wholeheartedly agree with. Public sentiment is against any change to the law. My sentiments exactly! (= I agree

There was no fatherly affection, no display of sentiment. There is no room for sentiment in business

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Clot n2/v1

Exp blood clot

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thick almost solid mass formed when blood or milk dries:He developed a blood clot on his brain and died.2 British English informal a stupid person

present participle clotting) [intransitive and transitive]Verb formif a liquid such as blood or milk clots, or if something clots it, it becomes thicker and more solid

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Legislature n1

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a group of people who have the power to make and change lawsa democratically elected legislature the national/state legislature

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Legislation n1

Legislate

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law or set of laws:This is a very important piece of legislation (=law).legislation onthe legislation on abortion

1to make a law about somethinglegislate onOnly Parliament has the power to legislate on constitutional matters

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Collective ke'lektiv adj1/n2

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shared or made by every member of a group or society:a collective decision made by all board membersour collective responsibility for the environment

1a group of people who work together to run something such as a business or farm, and who share the profits equally2the business or farm that is run by this type of group

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Ominous adj1

Ominously

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making you feel that something bad is going to happen:‘How long will she be ill?’ he asked. There was an

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Fearsome

Fearsomeness

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making people feel very frighteneda fearsome dinosaur He has a fearsome reputation as a fighter

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Boast n/v

Boasted

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to talk with too much pride about sth that you have or can doI don't want to boast, but I can actually speak six languages

Sam boasted that she could beat anyone at poker

itive] (not used in the progressive tenses) ~ sth to have sth that is impressive and that you can be proud ofThe hotel also boasts two swimming pools and a golf course. Rhodes boasts 300 days of sunshine a year

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Masscre maeseke. N2/v2

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the killing of a large number of people especially in a cruel waythe bloody massacre of innocent civilians Nobody survived the massacre.2 (informal) a very big defeat in a game or competitionThe game was a 10–0 massacre for our team

to kill a large number of people, especially in a cruel wayHundreds of innocent women and children were massacred.2 ~ sb (informal) to defeat sb in a game or competition by a high scoreOur team was massacred in the final

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Move noun decision

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1something that you decide to do in order to achieve something:She’s still thinking about her next move

3.move towards/from/against/tothe country’s move towards democracya move away from traditional industries such as coal miningMuch more research is being done, which is a move in the right direction

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Fulfil v7

Fulfil a promise /pledge

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3...a promise/pledge etc formal to do what you said you would do SYN keep OPP break:I’d like to see him fulfil his promise to reorganize the army

1if you fulfil a hope, wish, or aim, you achieve the thing that you hoped for, wished for etc:Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream.Being deaf hasn’t stopped Karen fulfilling her ambition to be a hairdresser.It was then that the organization finally began to fulfill the hopes of its founders

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Fulfil v7

Fulfil a promise /pledge

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3.....a promise/pledge etc formal to do what you said you would do SYN keep OPP break:I’d like to see him fulfil his promise to reorganize the army

1if you fulfil a hope, wish, or aim, you achieve the thing that you hoped for, wished for etc:Visiting Disneyland has fulfilled a boyhood dream.Being deaf hasn’t stopped Karen fulfilling her ambition to be a hairdresser.It was then that the organization finally began to fulfill the hopes of its founders

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Sediment n2. Sediment

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uncountable]1 the solid material that settles at the bottom of a liquid2 (geology) sand, stones, mud, etc. carried by water or wind and left, for example, on the bottom of a lake, river, etc

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Ectasy ekstesi n1

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a feeling of extreme happinessin (an) ecstasyShe was in an ecstasy of love.go into ecstasies (=become very happy and excited)2[uncountable] an illegal drug that gives a feeling of happiness and energy. Ecstasy is especially used by people who go out to dance at clubs and parties

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Log n/v v3

India logged more than 300000 new coronavirus case

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to put information in an official record or write a record of events recordThe police .. all phone calls.

to travel a particular distance or for a particular length of time clock upThe pilot has logged 1 000 hours in the air

to cut down trees in a forest for their woodˌlog ˈin/ˈon(computing) to perform the actions that allow you to begin using a computer system

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Log n

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an official record of events during a particular period of time, especially a journey on a ship or planeThe captain keeps a log

a thick piece of wood that is cut from or has fallen from a treelogs for the fire

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Plug v

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to fill or block a small hole:We used mud to plug up the holes in the roof

used mud to plug up the holes in the roof.2to advertise a book, film etc by mentioning it on television or radio:Arnie was on the show to plug his new movie

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So/as long as

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used to say that one thing can happen or be true only if another thing happens or is true:You can go out to play as long as you stay in the back yard

yard.b)used to say that one thing will continue to happen or be true if another thing happens or is true at the same time:As long as we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games.

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Deem v1

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sth + noun/adj.| ~ sth to be sth| ~ (that)… (formal)(not usually used in the progressive tenses) to have a particular opinion about sth

deem it an honour to be invited. She deemed it prudent not to say anything. They would take any action deemed necessary

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Bolster v2/n1

Exp .bolster US education

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to improve sth or make it stronger~ sthto bolster sb's confidence/courage/morale~ sth up Falling interest rates may help to bolster up the economy

a long thick pillow that is placed across the top of a bed under the other pillows

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Hallucinate he^lusineit v

Hallucinatory

Hallucination

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to see or hear things that are not really there because of illness or drugs

1causing hallucinations or resulting from hallucinations:hallucinatory drugs2using strange images, sounds etc like those experienced in a hallucination:hallucinatory poetry

] the fact of seeming to see or hear sb/sth that is not really there, especially because of illness or drugsto have hallucinations

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the Spotlight

In the spotlight

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attention from newspapers, television and the public

The issue will come under the spotlight when parliament reassembles

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Trip v drug

Tripper

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also trip out) [intransitive] informal to experience the mental effects of a drug such as LSD:They must have been tripping

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Conscious

Consciousness

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Kanshes

Kanshesness

the condition of being awake and able to understand what is happening around you:David lost consciousness (=went into a deep sleep) at eight o'clock and died a few hours later.She could faintly hear voices as she began to regain consciousness (=wake up)

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Psychedelic. Saikedelik

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of drugs) causing the user to see and hear things that are not there or that do not exist (= to hallucinate )2 (of art, music, clothes, etc.) having bright colours, strange sounds, etc. like those that are experienced when taking psychedelic drugs

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Cognition n1

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the process by which knowledge and understanding is developed in the mindchild studies centring on theories of cognition

late Middle English: from Latin cognitio(-), from cognoscere ‘get to know

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Take aim

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..... to point a gun or weapon at someone or something you want to shoottake aim atAlan took aim at the target

3take aim at somebody/something American English to criticize someone or something:Critics took aim at the President

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Toddler n1

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a very young child who is just learning to walk

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Oversight n1

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1a mistake in which you forget something or do not notice something:I assure you that this was purely an oversight on my part.2have oversight of something to be in charge of something:He has general oversight of all training courses

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Uphold v2

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to support sth that you think is right and make sure that it continues to existWe have a duty to uphold the law. The regime has been criticized for failing to uphold human rights.2 ~ sth (especially of a court of law) to agree that a previous decision was correct or that a request is reasonable

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Epic n1/adj 3 noun

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a long poem about the actions of great men and women or about a nation's history; this style of poetryone of the great Hindu epics the creative genius of Greek epic

a long film/movie or book that contains a lot of action, usually about a historical subject

sometimes humorous) a long and difficult job or activity that you think people should admireTheir four-hour match on Centre Court was an epic

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Epic adj

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3.very great and impressivea tragedy of epic proportions

taking place over a long period of time and involving a lot of difficultiesan epic journey/struggle

having the features of an epic

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Reminiscent remi'nisent adj

Reminiscent of sth

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..... of something reminding you of something:a style strongly reminiscent of Virginia Woolf’s novels2 literary thinking about the past:Her face wore a reminiscent smile

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Reminiscence remi'nisens

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1 [countable, usually plural] a spoken or written description of sth that sb remembers about their past life memoryThe book is a collection of his reminiscences about the actress

something that reminds you of sth similarHer music is full of reminiscences of African rhythms

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Incorporated adj1

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used after the name of a company in the US to show that it has become a corporation → limited