Chromosome Questions

Front 1

Chromatin is a complex of _____ and protein.

Back 1

DNA

Front 2

Genes in highly ordered (condensed) chromatin cannot be transcribed into _____and are relatively insensitive to DNase.

Back 2

RNA

Front 3

The ________ is the basic subunit of chromatin.

Back 3

Nucleosome

Front 4

Nucleosomes consist of a core particle, consisting of positively charged histone proteins, and of ______ bp of DNA wrapped twice around the outside of the core particle.

Back 4

150 bp

Front 5

________ is condensed, inactive chromatin detectable by microscopy. Euchromatin is decondensed, active chromatin NOT detectable by microscopy.

Back 5

Heterochromatin

Front 6

Histone acetyl transferases (HATs) add _______ to lysines, reducing the positive charge of the histone proteins and consequently reducing the interaction of the histone proteins with DNA.

Back 6

Acetyl Groups

Front 7

Histone deacetyl transferases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from ______ residues in histone molecules. Histone methylases add methyl groups to histones.

Back 7

Lysine

Front 8

ATP-dependent remodeling complexes alter nucleosome structure(s) in a way that facilitates gene expression and requires _______.

Back 8

ATP

Front 9

In the decondensed form, chromatin provides access to DNA binding proteins via the linker DNA, destabilized nucleosomes, or ________-free regions.

Back 9

Nucleosome

Front 10

The ______________forms by an ordered assembly of components. Most of the components assemble by contacting other proteins of the PIC, not by contacting DNA. RNA pol II elongation proceeds by phosphorylation of the RNA pol II carboxy terminal domain (CTD) by TFIIH.

Back 10

Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC)

Front 11

The Pre-Initiation Complex (PIC) forms by an ordered assembly of components. Most of the components assemble by contacting other proteins of the PIC, not by contacting DNA. RNA pol II elongation proceeds by __________ of the __________ by __________.

Back 11

Phosphorylation of the RNA Pol II Carboxy Terminal Domain (CTD) by TFIIH

Front 12

The histone post-translational modifications can provide _________________ for ____________ that facilitate __________. For example, HP1 facilitates chromatin condensation and gene silencing.

Back 12

1) Binding Sites

2) Proteins

3) Chromatin Function

Front 13

HATs, HDACs, histone methylases and ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are brought to specific sequences in the DNA by SSDBP. We can call as SSDBP a “_________” when it leads to RNA transcription.

Back 13

Transactivator

Front 14

_______, _______, _______, and _______ are brought to specific sequences in the DNA by SSDBP. We can call as SSDBP a Transactivator when it leads to RNA transcription.

Back 14

1) HATs

2) HDACs

3) Histone methylases

4) ATP Dependent Chromatin Remodeling Complexes

Front 15

HATs, HDACs, histone methylases and ATP dependent chromatin remodeling complexes are brought to specific sequences in the DNA by ________. We can call as SSDBP a "Transactivator" when it leads to _________.

Back 15

1) SSDBP
2) RNA transcription

Front 16

The __________ can provide binding sites for proteins that facilitate chromatin function. For example, _________ facilitates chromatin condensation and gene silencing.

Back 16

1) Histone Post-Translational Modifications

2) HP1

Front 17

___________ is a cartoon version of a chromosome that indicates chromosome map points that are based on chromosomal stains

Back 17

Ideogram

Front 18

The___________ display always refers to a chromosomal ideogram at the top of the display.

Back 18

Genome Browser