Chp. 1: Plant Science

Front 1

Many plants ____ million years ago were very similar to those common in our century

Back 1

150

Front 2

Many plants no longer exist, and many have changed, some as a result of ___ ___

Back 2

Climate change

Front 3

Modern man appeared about ____ years ago, and for thousands of years existed without doing much to change how plants grew

Back 3

28,000

Front 4

____ ____/____ followed herds of animals and gathered plants materials-probably some of the same nuts, grains, and fruits we eat today. Other plants would provide shelter.

Back 4

Nomadic hunter/gatherers

Front 5

About 10,000 years ago humans began purposeful cultivation of plants, believed to have started in the ___ ___ and ___

Back 5

Middle East and Africa

Front 6

The fewer people to travel for food became ____ more than gatherers

Back 6

Traders

Front 7

___ began when goods from distant places were transported and sold/traded to a local population

Back 7

Commerce

Front 8

Urban citizens became less and less aware of how the plants they used were produced, and the __/__ __ developed.

Back 8

Rural/urban interface

Front 9

Some of the earliest cultivation methods were ___, ___, ___ equipment

Back 9

Plows, planting and harvesting

Front 10

What is the study of field-grown crops such as wheat, soybeans, corn, forages, and those used for industrial purposes?

Back 10

Agronomy

Front 11

Agronomy requires relatively ___ input during growth, but need significant ____ for used other than animal feed

Back 11

Low, processing

Front 12

What is the study of crops requiring more intense, constant care, from planting to consumer delivery?

Back 12

Horticulture

Front 13

What are examples of horticulture?

Back 13

Fruits, vegetables, and ornamentals

Front 14

___ and ___ are examples of crops that can be designated agronomic or horticultural

Back 14

Tomatoes and turfgrass

Front 15

___ should be influenced by availability of resources and raw materials required for production

Back 15

Supply

Front 16

___ should be influenced by the value consumers perceive in the commodity

Back 16

Demand

Front 17

In the 1930’s, farmers contributed to ___ ___ on their own farms through their crop management practices

Back 17

Soil erosion

Front 18

The soil conservation service was born out of the __ __ experience

Back 18

Dust bowl

Front 19

____ as a guiding principle in crop production is an attempt to transcend this mindset

Back 19

Sustainability

Front 20

New homes are an expanding market for ___

Back 20

Landscape supplies and services

Front 21

The rising cost of fuel to grow, maintain, harvest, and distribute plants and plant products has greatly increased costs to both the ___ and ___

Back 21

Producer and consumer

Front 22

Energy use is projected to rise about twice as fast as population because of ____ ____

Back 22

Economic development

Front 23

According to classical economics, the price of commodities results from the balance between the ___ of commodities and the ___ for them

Back 23

Supply and demand

Front 24

Tomatoes grown from processing and turfgrass are examples of crops that can be designated ___ or ___

Back 24

Agronomic or horticultural

Front 25

Golf alone is now equivalent to about ____ of major crop sales and involves ___ of the US population

Back 25

Two-thirds

12%

Front 26

Two major trends that will affect crop production and the global environment are the ___

Back 26

Increases in human population and energy use

Front 27

After two centuries of exponential growth, world population shows signs of stabilizing at about ___

Back 27

9 billion in 2050

Front 28

When the people of a country become more affluent, they want and can afford to purchase ____

Back 28

A greater proportion of their protein in the form of the more palatable animal products. Ex. Steak, chops, eggs, processed meats, and dairy products

Front 29

This shift in food consumption patterns coupled with the tremendous increase in world population, especially in developing regions, requires continuing increases in the world’s ____

Back 29

Food-producing capability

Front 30

Agricultural research made new cultivars or ____ of high-yielding ___, and other crops available to highly populated developing countries

Back 30

Cultivated variety

Wheat, rice, corn

Front 31

The demand for food and fuel is leading to ___ in many tropical countries

Back 31

Deforestation

Front 32

___ is a recent, but major threat to agriculture

Back 32

Bioterrorism

Front 33

Plant scientists studied ways to improve crop productivity ____

Back 33

In a cost-effective way

Front 34

Plant scientists have to find ways to meet our need for ____ from plants without ____

Back 34

Food, fuel, and other products and services

Negatively affecting the environment

Front 35

What does GMO stand for?

Back 35

Genetically modified organisms

Front 36

Why do malnutrition and starvation exist in both developed and undeveloped countries?

Back 36

Mostly because social/political issues prevent the distribution of food to those who need it

Front 37

List the steps to scientific inquiry

Back 37

Identify the problem or question and make hypothesis of the cause of the problem/question

Test the hypothesis by doing experiments or a study

Check and interpret the results

Report the results