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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Unit used to measure mass of atoms |
Grams |
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Multivalent element |
An element that can form 2 or more different stable ions |
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What is the smallest part of an element? |
Proton |
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Valence shell |
Outermost energy level of an atom |
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Which particle has the smallest mass |
Proton |
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Where are metaloids located |
On either side of the staircase |
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Electron affinity increases as you go from left to right because |
Atomic radius decreases |
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What are Radioisotopes? |
isotopes with unstable nuclei |
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Why does atomic radius increase from top to bottom in a chemical family |
Because the number of energy levels increases from top to bottom |
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Why does ionization energy increase from left to right |
Because Nuclear charge increases from left to right |
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2 atoms are isotopes if they have |
The same atomic number but a different mass number |
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The term "energy" in an equation represents |
Heat of sublimation |
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What is a subatomic particle |
Proton, electron, neutron |
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Electron orbits are also called |
Shells |
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Atomic number |
Number of protons |
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Chlorine gains one electron. What prediction can you make of the ionic radius |
The ionic radius will be larger because there are more electrons repelling each other. They will be pushing further from the nucleus |
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What is Electronegativity |
is a measurement of how strongly atoms attract bonding electrons to themselves |
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Electronegativity increases |
From left to right |
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Electronegativity decreases |
As you move down the periodic table |
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Ionic radius increases |
Moving down a group |
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Ionic radius decreases |
Moving left to right |
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A catalyst is |
A substance that increases rate of reaction without being used up |
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Baking soda can be used to neutralise and battery acid at that has leaguer spelled this reaction Would-be classified as a |
Double displacement reaction |
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What is the difference between a Complete combustion flame and an incomplete combustion flame |
The flame is hotter |
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Basic oxides |
Oxides of metals |
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Types of oxides |
Basic Neutral Acidic |
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When baking soda is heated, sodium carbonate water, and carbon dioxide gases are formed. This reaction can be classfied as |
Decomposition reaction |
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What is a decomposition reaction |
AB=A+B When a compound is broken down into smaller molecules or elements |
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Activity series |
Listing metals from most reactive to least reactive |
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Single displacement reaction |
When one element replaces another in a reaction. AB + C = AC +B |
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Why does carbon dioxide make water acidic |
The carbon dioxide from the carbonated water dissolved in the indicator solution. The molecules of carbon dioxide reacted with the water, forming carbonic acid CO2 + H2O >>>HCO3 |
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NH3 |
Ammonia |
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Intermolecular force |
Force of attraction between 2 atoms or lions in a compound |
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Lewis structure for ch2o |
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CH2O |
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CO lewis structure |
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Hydrogen bonds |
C,N,O,F Polar molecules Only rows 1-2 2 shells max High boiling points due to molecules being more sticky and more energy is needed to break them apart |
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Dipole-dipole forces |
Partially positive end Partially positive end Work like magnet or battery Polar molecules |
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London forces |
Lowest boiling points Non polar |
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Why does electronegativity increase from left to right |
It wants to have more electrons |
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Why does electronegativity decrease down a scale |
Doesn't need electrons as much. Would rather give them away |
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Pauling electronegativity scale |
0-0.6 non polar covalent bond 0.6-1.7 polar covalent bond 1.9-3.3 Ionic |
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A base is |
Aqueous solution Releases hydroxide OH- ions React with acids to form salts |
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Beta particles |
Unstable neutron- decays into proton Acts like an electron Electron particle emitted from nucleus Can go through paper Stopped by aluminum. Chemo |
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Alpha particles |
Only dangerous when ingested or inhaled Stopped by paper Same structure as nucleus of helium atom 2 protons 2 neutrons
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Isotopes |
Atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons |
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Gamma Ray's |
High energy electromagnetic radiation Stopped by lead Used in xray Travel at the speed of light Can pass through most substances |
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Ionization energy |
Energy needed to gain or lose electrons |
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Ionization energy - when an atom loses an electron energy is... |
Needed |
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When an atom gains an electron energy is |
Released |
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When metal ions lose an electron it becomes a *blank* ion |
Cation |
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Going down a group Ionization energy |
Decreases |
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Left to right ionization energy |
Increases |
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Electron affinity has the same trends as |
Ionization energy |
