Chem Quez 2

Front 1

it is a tentative explanation or prediction based on experimental observations

Back 1

Hypothesis

Front 2

It is a concise verbal or mathematical statement of a behavior or a relationship that is consistently observed in nature without contradiction

Back 2

Law

Front 3

It is a well-tested unifying principle that explains a body of facts and the laws based on them

Back 3

Theory

Front 4

It describes what happens

Back 4

Scientific Law

Front 5

It explains why or how it happens

Back 5

Scientific Theory

Front 6

This law states that in chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed

Back 6

Law of Conservation of Matter

Front 7

Who developed the law of conservation of matter? and in what year?

Back 7

Antoine Lavoisier in 1174

Front 8

He is considered as the father of modern chemistry. He discovered oxygen's role in combustion, and played an important part in reforming nomenclature in chemistry.

Back 8

Antoine Lavoisier

Front 9

This law states that each pure chemical compound has the same percentage composition of each element by mass

Back 9

Law of Constant Composition / Law of Definite Proportions

Front 10

This law states that any given compound always contains the same elements in the same proportions by mass

Back 10

Law of Constant Composition / Law of Definite Proportions

Front 11

Who is the one who developed the Law of Constant Composition / Law of Definite Proportions? in what year?

Back 11

Joseph Proust in 1799

Front 12

According to the Law of Constant Composition / Law of Definite Proportions, Water is always ____ and ____ by mass

Back 12

88.9% oxygen and 11.1% hydrogen

Front 13

What are the 5 atomic models

Back 13

Solid particle

Plum Pudding

Nuclear

Solar system

Wave-mechanical

Front 14

What was the word Democritus used as the point, or stage where matter cannot be broken down any further

Back 14

Atomos

Front 15

The word atomos means what?

Back 15

indivisible

Front 16

John Dalton developed his atomic theory over the years from ___ to ___

Back 16

1803 to 1808

Front 17

What was John Dalton's Atomic Theory

Back 17

1. Matter is compromised of atoms

2. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible

3. All atoms of a particular element share identical properties

4. Atoms of different elements contain different mass

5. Atoms of different elements combine in fixed, whole-number ratios when forming compounds.

Front 18

The solid particle model of an atom was proposed by whom?

Back 18

John Dalton

Front 19

This law states that when two elements combine to form different compounds, the mass of one element combines with the same mass of the other element in a rationof small whole numbers

Back 19

Law of multiple proportions

Front 20

He is the one who proposed the plum pudding model

Back 20

Joseph John Thomson

Front 21

In 1834, he showed that electric currents could cause chemical reactions to occur, demonstrating the electric nature of the atom

Back 21

Michael Faraday

Front 22

He is an English scientist that hypothesized that atoms contain electric charge

Back 22

Michael Faraday

Front 23

In the 1870s he developed the Cathode Ray Tube

Back 23

Sir William Crookes

Front 24

William Crookes thought that CRTs were ____ instead of electrons

Back 24

negatively charged molecules

Front 25

In 1897, Joseph John Thomson determined that cathode rays is a fundamental part of matter called ___

Back 25

electrons

Front 26

In 1906, he was credited with the discovery of the electron

Back 26

Joseph John Thomson

Front 27

It is the first subatomic particle to be discovered

Back 27

Electron

Front 28

In 1909, he performed the oil drop experiment

Back 28

Robert Millikan

Front 29

This atomic model is described as electrons bathed in a sea of positive charges

Back 29

Plum Pudding Model

Front 30

Who were the people involved in the gold foil experiment

Back 30

Ernest Rutherford, Hans Geiger, and Ernest Marsden

Front 31

it is an experiment in which heavy alpha particles were aimed a thin gold foil

Back 31

gold foil experiment

Front 32

It is the second subatomic particle that was discovered

Back 32

Neutron

Front 33

Who discovered neutrons

Back 33

Ernest Rutherford

Front 34

It is the last subatomic particle to be discovered

Back 34

Protons

Front 35

Who discovered protons

Back 35

James Chadwick

Front 36

How was rutherford's model disproved?

Back 36

the electron would circle the nucleus and gain acceleration, which results to the electron falling towards the nucleus. in other words, it would be unstable.

Front 37

This atomic model is described as to have electrons move around the center of the atom called the nucleus

Back 37

Nuclear model

Front 38

This atomic model is described that electrons orbit the nucleus similar to hpw planets orbit the sun

Back 38

Bohr's model / planetary model

Front 39

Why did Bohr's model fail?

Back 39

Because it was according to the laws of classical physics, which applies only to fairly large objects

Front 40

Who discovered the Planetary/Solar System model

Back 40

Niels Bohr

Front 41

This atomic model describes that electrons move around the nucleus in a cloud, not orbits

Back 41

Quantum Mechanical Model / Wave Mechanical Model

Front 42

Who discovered the Quantum Mechanical Model / Wave Mechanical Model

Back 42

Erwin Schrodinger

Front 43

The ___ helps us predict the area where we can find electrons

Back 43

Orbital

Front 44

The closer position to the ___ the higher chance to find electrons

Back 44

Nucleus

Front 45

When was Antoine Lavoisier born

Back 45

August 26, 1743

Front 46

When did Antoine Lavoisier die?

Back 46

May 8, 1794

Front 47

Who did Antoine Lavoisier marry?

Back 47

Marie-Anne Paulze

Front 48

How did Antoine Lavosier die?

Back 48

by guillotine in the french revolution

Front 49

What are Antoine Lavosier's key achievements in chemistry

Back 49

Oxygen theory, conservation of mass, nomenclature

Front 50

Explain the solid particle model

Back 50

Solid spheres that are indivisible, it cannot be divided, created or destroyed. All atoms of a particular element share identical properties, and different elements have different properties. These combine to form conpounds.

Front 51

Explain the plum pudding model

Back 51

Positively charged spheres with fixed electrons. An atom that is electrically neutral.

Front 52

Explain the nuclear model

Back 52

Mainly empty space with positive charge concentrated at the nucleus which is the center of the atom, and electrons that move around it.

Front 53

Explain the Bohr's/ Planetary/ Solar System model

Back 53

Electrons that orbits the nucleus on the energy shell. The orbits have specific size and energy

Front 54

Explain the Quantum Mechanical Model

Back 54

An electron cloud with the nucleus at the center. The closer position to the nucleus the higher chance tk find electrons.

Front 55

A unit of electricity was named after Michael Faraday. What unit is this?

Back 55

farad

Front 56

It is a chart containjng information about atoms

Back 56

Periodic table

Front 57

The periodic table contauns the building blocks of matter called ___?

Back 57

Elements

Front 58

In 1817 he created the triads of elements

Back 58

Johann Dobereiner - German chemist

Front 59

What was the process of the triads of elements periodic table?

Back 59

Add upper and lower atomic masses, then divide by 2. It should be the atomic mass of the middle element.

Front 60

In 1863 he created the law of octaves, where there are similar properties every 8 elements when arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.

Back 60

John Newlands - English chemist

Front 61

In 1869, they created the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass while putting in groups those with similar properties; blank space for elements yet to be discovered.

Back 61

Dmitri Mendeleev - teacher from Russia

Lothar Meyer - scientist/teacher from Germany

Front 62

In 1914 , he created the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements vary leruodically with atomic number

Back 62

Henry Moseley - English physicist

Front 63

Similar properties could be noted for every 8 octaves

Back 63

Law of octaves

Front 64

property of elements vary periodically with atomic number

Back 64

Modern periodic law

Front 65

Vertical column of the periodic table

Back 65

Groups/Families

Front 66

Horizontal rows of the periodic table

Back 66

Periods/series

Front 67

What are the different blocks/series of the periodic table

Back 67

s-block, d-block, p-block and f-block

Front 68

Groups 1, 2, 13-18 are the ___ elements

Back 68

Representative elements/ main groups

Front 69

Groups 3-12 are the ___ elements. They arr less reactive and harder metals. Includes metals used in jewelry, money, and construction

Back 69

Transition elements

Front 70

What are the inner transition elements

Back 70

Lanthanides and Actinides

Front 71

They have the appearance and properties of metals but behave like non metal in certain instances. In a stair step line.

Back 71

Semi metals/Metalloids

Front 72

What are the metalloids?

Back 72

Boron, Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic, Antimony, Tellurium, Polonium

Front 73

They are insulators at lower temperatures but become conductors at higher temperatures

Back 73

Semiconductor

Front 74

It is the ease and speed hich a metal reacts wiyh another substance

Back 74

Reactivity

Front 75

The gradual wearing away of metal due to interaction with other substances

Back 75

Corrosion

Front 76

The definite order of reactivity existing among metals and hydrogen according to their ability to displace one another

Back 76

Activity series of metal

Front 77

Region around the nucleus occupied by electron

Back 77

Energy level/electron shell

Front 78

Highest energy level that an electron occupies

Back 78

Valence Shell

Front 79

Electrons involved in the valence shell, and in chemical reactions

Back 79

Valence Electron

Front 80

Non metals to anions ___ electrons

Back 80

gain

Front 81

metal to cation ___ electrons

Back 81

lose

Front 82

Simplest and smallest particles

Back 82

Atoms

Front 83

Atoms are composed of what?

Back 83

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Front 84

Substances that cannot be broken down any further by chemical means

Back 84

Elements

Front 85

Each element has an ___, ___, ___, and ___

Back 85

atomic number, symbol, name, and average atomic mass

Front 86

the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom

Back 86

Atomic number

Front 87

The mass of an atom including the protons, neutrons and electrons

Back 87

Average atomic mass

Front 88

particle held tightly, very close together, regular arrangement, vibrates, cant move from place to place

Back 88

Solid

Front 89

Particles held weakly, very close together, random arrangement, vibrates, constantly move past eachother

Back 89

Liquid

Front 90

no attraction between particles, far apart, random arrangement, vibrate, move quickly in all directions

Back 90

gas

Front 91

Property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity

Back 91

Chemical property

Front 92

a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into something else

Back 92

physical property

Front 93

Whatvare the 3 major categories of elements

Back 93

Metals, non metals, and metalloids

Front 94

Lustrous, malleable and are good conductors for electricity

Back 94

Metals

Front 95

Elements that do not share the properties of metals

Back 95

Non metals

Front 96

Elements that share some, but not all properties of metal

Back 96

Metalloids

Front 97

means shiny or reflective of light

Back 97

Lustrous

Front 98

means apable of being shaped

Back 98

Malleable

Front 99

means allowing electricity and heat to flow through

Back 99

being a good conductor

Front 100

It is the elements in group 1. Very reactive metals that always combjne with something else in nature. ex. Salt

Back 100

Alkali metals

Front 101

Elements in group 2. Reactive metals that are always combined with non-metals in nature. ex. calcium

Back 101

Alkaline Earth Metals

Front 102

elements in group 13. Boron has prolerties of both metals and non-metals. The rest in this grouo are metals.

Back 102

Boron family

Front 103

Elements in group 14. Elements important tk life and computers. ex. germanium and silicon (important semiconductors)

Back 103

Carbon famiy

Front 104

The basic element in all organic compounds

Back 104

Carbon

Front 105

Elements in group 15.

Back 105

Nitrogen Family

Front 106

It makes uo more than 3/4s of our atmosphere

Back 106

Nitrogen

Front 107

red tip of matches is made of what?

Back 107

Phosphorus

Front 108

Elements in group 16

Back 108

Oxygen family or Chalcogens

Front 109

It is necessary for respiration

Back 109

Oxygen

Front 110

Many things that have a bad odor contain what?

Back 110

Sulfur

Front 111

Elements in group 17. Very reactive, diatomic non-metals. Found combined with other elements in nature.

Back 111

Halogens

Front 112

Used to keep bacteria out of swimming pools

Back 112

Chlorine

Front 113

Elements in group 18. inert/non reactive gases. used in lighted neon signs

Back 113

Noble gases

Front 114

Used to make party balloons float

Back 114

Helium

Front 115

How do you calculate the no. of neutrons

Back 115

atomic weight - atomic no.

Front 116

How do you calculate the atomic mass

Back 116

no. of neutrons + atomic no.