Chapterx11 Holt Sociology Gender, Age, And Health

Front 1

What is gender?

Back 1

behavioral and psychological traits considered appropriate for men and women p262

Front 2

What are gender roles?

Back 2

specific behaviors and attitudes that a society establishes for men and women p262

Front 3

What is gender identity?

Back 3

the awareness of being masculine or feminine as those traits are defined by culture p263

Front 4

What is a patriarchy?

Back 4

system in which men are dominant over women p265, 302

Front 5

What is sexism?

Back 5

belief that one sex is by nature superior to the other p265

Front 6

What was the women's movement?

Back 6

social movement that supported the idea that the sexes are socially, politically, and economically equal p268

Front 7

What is suffrage?

Back 7

the right to vote p268

Front 8

What is the wage gap?

Back 8

the level of women's income relative to that of men p269

Front 9

What is the glass ceiling?

Back 9

the invisible barrier that prevents women from gaining upper-level positions in business p269

Front 10

What is second shift?

Back 10

the phenomenom of individuals having to complete household duties after working away from home p270

Front 11

Give an example of gender inequality in the area of education.

Back 11

in education -- still gender distinctions in degree majors, fewer women pursuing doctoral or professional degrees, and less funding for women's college athletics

Front 12

Give an example of gender inequality in the area of employment.

Back 12

in employment - still a wage gap and a glass ceiling for women

Front 13

Give an example of gender inequality in the area of politics.

Back 13

in politics - underrepresented in political offices

Front 14

How do gender expectations differ for men and women in the United States?

Back 14

Men are expected to be more adventuresome, aggressive, physically active, and career-oriented; women are expected to be more passive, and more involved in the home and child care.

Front 15

How are gender roles affected by socialization in America?

Back 15

Children learn American gender-role behaviors through socialization, such as in the family or at school

Front 16

What is ageism?

Back 16

belief that one age category is by nature superior to another age category p272

Front 17

What does the phrase "the graying of American" mean?

Back 17

the phenomenon of the growing percentage of elderly Americans as part of the total US population p273

Front 18

What is the baby-boom generation?

Back 18

collective term for the approximately 76 million children born in the United States from 1946 through 1964 p274

Front 19

What is the dependency ratio?

Back 19

the number of workers for each person receiving Social Security payments p274

Front 20

What is Medicare?

Back 20

government-sponsored insurance plan for elderly or disabled persons p 275

Front 21

What is Medicaid?

Back 21

state and federally funded health insurance program for people with little or no money p275

Front 22

What are some factors that are leading to the "graying of America"?

Back 22

The aging baby-boom generation and the decline in the birthrate following that generation, and increasing life expectancies because of advances in health care and better living conditions

Front 23

How has the aging of the population affected American society?

Back 23

Elderly people have become a political force and a topic of debate, bringing greater attention to issues such as Social Security and Medicare

Front 24

How does social inequality affect Americans 65 years of age or older?

Back 24

Many elderly Americans face discrimination because of ageism or live in poverty, particularly minorities.

Front 25

What four main areas does the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990) address for persons with disabilities?

Back 25

employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications p277

Front 26

What wide range of conditions does the term disabilty cover?

Back 26

physical disabilities, chronic health impairments, mental retardation, mental illness, visual, hearing, and speech impairments p276

Front 27

What is the ADA?

Back 27

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 - laws the help people with disabilities in four main areas: employment, public services, public accommodations, and telecommunications

Front 28

What are some laws aimed at helping the disabled to gain the civil rights afforded to other groups?

Back 28

the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990), the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, and the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988 pp276-277

Front 29

In what major area does the handicapped still face discrimination?

Back 29

employment

Front 30

What is managed care?

Back 30

the use of health-insurance plans to help control health care costs p 281

Front 31

What is alternative medicine?
Provide some examples.

Back 31

treating illnesses with unconventional methods such as acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, meditation, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxations techniques p 285

Front 32

What is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)?

Back 32

fatal disease caused by a virus that attacks an individual's immune system, leaving the person vulnerable to a host of deadly infections p286

Front 33

What are three major concerns Amercans have about health care?

Back 33

cost of health care, quality of care, and access to care

Front 34

What are some major health care issues that have been at the center pf public debate in recent years?

Back 34

health insurance, alternative medicine, and AIDS (other answers are possible)

Front 35

How is the HIV virus that causes AIDS transmitted?

Back 35

HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, contaminated blood and tissue, and the use of contaminated hypodermic needles p286

Front 36

What groups are at the highest risk of becoming infected with HIV?

Back 36

homosexuals and bi-sexual men, intrvenous drug abusers, the sexual partners of high-risk persons, persons receiving blood transfusions, the babies of high-risk mothers p286

Front 37

How have patterns of HIV transmission changed in recent years?

Back 37

the number of new cases among homosexual and bisexual men has dropped; the cases of AIDS cases contracted through heterosexual sex has risen p286

Front 38

What affect have powerful new drugs had on AIDS cases?

Back 38

the numbers of new AIDS cases have begun to decline, AIDS deaths have decreased and the numbers of people living with AIDS have increased p286-287

Front 39

AIDS is a global problem. What area of the world is currently the hardest hit?

Back 39

Sub-Saharan Africa, where some 70% of HIV and AIDS suffers live and it is affecting the economy

Front 40

Explain how the wage gap and the glass ceiling can be used to illustrate gender inequality.

Back 40

Men earn more than women for the same jobs and are much more likely to be promoted to higher positions.

Front 41

How has the phenomena "second shift" helped to create a "leisure gap" between men and women?

Back 41

Married working men have more free time on average than married working women because the latter are often responsible for most household duties in addition to their careers.

Front 42

How are gender roles and gender identity related to the experiences of boys and girls?

Back 42

Gender roles and gender identity influence how boys and girls are treated while growing up, how they behave, and what expectations adults have of children.

Front 43

How has the aging of the population affected American society?

Back 43

Older Americans have become a more powerful voice in poitics and society, but the graying of America has also put a strain on the economy and government as more people collect Social Security benefits.

Front 44

What effects have the aging of the population had on the opportunities in life available to elderly people?

Back 44

The aging of the population has increased political power for elderly people and led to less age discrimination, although many elderly people still face ageism and proverty. Since people live longer they also may be able to pursue a second career, travel or work on hobbies.

Front 45

What health-care issues are causing concern among Americans?

Back 45

cost of health care, quality of health care, and access to health care

Front 46

What is AIDS, and why is it considered such a pressing medical issue?

Back 46

AIDS is an epidemic that spread throughout the world since 1981, causing many deaths. No cure has been found, and the cost of treating the disease continues to rise.

Front 47

What is the dependency ratio?

Back 47

the number of worker for every person receiving Social Security benefits

Front 48

What is managed care?

Back 48

health-insurance plans that try to control costs and in which members pay a set monthly or annual charge for health-care services;

Front 49

What is alternative medicine?

Back 49

treating illnesses with unconventional methods

Front 50

What are some examples of alternative medicine?

Back 50

acupuncture, biofeedback, massage, meditation, yoga, herbal remedies, and relaxation are some examples; other examples are possible