Chapter 9 Social Studies - The Jefferson Era

Front 1

The election of 1800

Back 1

The Republicans nominated Thomas Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr to be his vice president. The Federalists support John Adams and Charles Pinckney as his vice president. Thomas Jefferson won after an election deadlock.

Front 2

Twelfth Amendment

Back 2

Congress passed this after the election deadlock between Burr and Jefferson in 1800. The law makes it necessary to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots.

Front 3

laissez-faire

Back 3

let people do as they choose, Jefferson's policy of government

Front 4

Jefferson's Policies

Back 4

-laissez-faire
-believed America should be nation of small farmers
-strong state governments

Front 5

Albert Gallatin

Back 5

Jefferson's secretary of the treasury

Front 6

Jefferson and Gallatin did what two things together?

Back 6

-reduced navy from 25 to 7 ships
-repealed all federal internal taxes

Front 7

customs duties

Back 7

taxes on foreign goods

Front 8

Jefferson's Ideal Government

Back 8

Jefferson believed it should be limited to delivering mail, collecting customs duties and taking a census every 10 years

Front 9

John Marshall

Back 9

was Adam's secretary of state, and was appointed as Supreme Court Justice just before Jefferson was inaugurated. Brought the Supreme Court up to the same level as other two branches, incorporated Federalist beliefs into court system

Front 10

Midnight Judges

Back 10

judges that were appointed by John Adams just before Thomas Jefferson was inaugurated. By doing this, John Adams shut Jefferson out of the appointment process and ensured Federalists would rule the courts.

Front 11

Judiciary Act of 1801

Back 11

This act set up regional courts for the US with 16 judges and many other officials

Front 12

Marbury vs Madison

Back 12

-Jefferson told Madison not to send out the last of undelivered midnight judge appointments
-Marbrury's commission wasn't delivered, took case to court
-Marbury said Judiciary Act of 1789 gave the Supreme Court jurisdiction.
-Marshall rejected the case-said it wasn't in his power.
-first time Marshall had exercised judicial review.

Front 13

judicial review

Back 13

the power the Supreme Court has to review and rule on acts of the other branches of government

Front 14

Conestoga wagons

Back 14

sturdy vehicles topped with white canvas that westward-bound pioneers traveled in

Front 15

Louisiana Territory

Back 15

area west of Mississippi River
Originally belonged to Spain, who traded it to France, who sold it to the US

Front 16

New Orleans

Back 16

Major port city in Louisiana Territory

Front 17

Napoleon Bonaparte

Back 17

France's leader who had visions of a French empire in Europe and the Americas

Front 18

Robert Livingston

Back 18

US ambassador to France

Front 19

Toussaint-Louverture

Back 19

the grandson of an African chief and a fiercely determined ex-slave
Led the revolt in Santo Domingo and was captured by French

Front 20

Louisiana Purchase

Back 20

The revolt in Santo Domingo exhausted the French's money and forces. Due to this, Talleyrand and Napoleon offered to sell the ENTIRE Louisiana Territory to US for $15 million

Front 21

Meriwether Lewis

Back 21

Jefferson's 28 year old private secretary who co-led the Lewis and Clark expedition. Had been part of the militia in the Whiskey Rebellion

Front 22

William Clark

Back 22

Lewis' 32 year old friend from the military, the expedition's co-leader

Front 23

Sacagawea

Back 23

a young Shoshone woman married to a French trapper. She joined the expedition wither her infant son and proved to be invaluable rather than a burden, serving an interpreter and guide

Front 24

Cameahwait

Back 24

Shoshone chief, Sacagawea's older brother

Front 25

Columbia River

Back 25

The goal of Lewis and Clark's journey, the river opens up into the Pacific.

Front 26

Lieutenant Zebulon Pike

Back 26

led two expeditions between 1805 and 1807 through the upper Mississippi River aalley and into what is now Colorado. Found a mountain now called Pikes Peak. During his expedition he was captured by the Spanish and later released.

Front 27

secede

Back 27

withdraw

Front 28

The Hamilton-Burr feud

Back 28

Aaron Burr had agree to lead NY out of the Union, and when Hamilton heard of this, he accused Burr of treason. Burr then lost the election for governor and blamed it on Hamilton, and challenged Hamilton to a duel. In July 1804, the two men met in New Jersey. Hamilton probably deliberately missed while Aaron Burr killed Hamilton and fled.

Front 29

Federalist Plan to Secede

Back 29

Most Federalists opposed Louisiana Purchase. They thought the new states in the area would become Republican and reduce their power. Plotters in MA wanted New England to withdraw and form the Northern Confederacy. Aaron Burr was chosen to help them.

Front 30

By 1800 the US was what?

Back 30

second only to Great Britain in the number of merchant ships trading around the world

Front 31

tribute

Back 31

protection money

Front 32

Barbary Coast pirates

Back 32

Pirates from Tripoli and other Barbary Coast States that demanded tribute form countries to let ships pass safely.

Front 33

War with Tripoli

Back 33

in 1801 the ruler of Tripoli asked for more money from the US. The US refused, and Tripoli cut down flag of American consulate, declaring war. This was the first time the US navy had been sent overseas to fight. Eventually negotiations ended the war in June 1805. US had to pay $65,000 to release US hostages

Front 34

Stephen Decatur

Back 34

young US Navy captain who burned the captured Philadelphia in order to prevent the pirates from using it.

Front 35

neutral rights

Back 35

the right to sail the seas and not take sides

Front 36

impressment

Back 36

the practice of forcing captured people into service, practiced by the British Navy

Front 37

Attack on the Chesapeake

Back 37

in June 1807 the a British warship confronted the American ship Chesapeake and demanded to search the ship for British deserters. The Chesapeake refuse and the British opened fire, killing and wounding Americans. James Madison called it an outrage, and the event made Americans mad

Front 38

embargo

Back 38

an act prohibiting trade with another country

Front 39

The Embargo Act of 1807

Back 39

Although Britain was the target of the law, it banned trade with ALL nations. Ultimately it didn't hurt Britain and wiped out American commerce with other nations and it divided the American people

Front 40

American feelings on the embargo

Back 40

-New England, a major shipping area, opposed it
-At first the South supported it, but when cotton and tobacco weren't selling, they opposed it too

Front 41

Election of 1808

Back 41

The Federalists nominated Charles Pinckney, and the Republicans nominated James Madison. Madison won.

Front 42

Nonintercourse Act

Back 42

New act replaced Embargo Act. It prohibited trade with France and Britain, but still wasn't popular with the public

Front 43

What law replaced the Nonintercourse Act?

Back 43

This new law, in 1810, permitted trade with either France OR Britain, depending on who lifted their trade bans first. Napoleon took advantage of this

Front 44

Ohio

Back 44

became new state in 1803

Front 45

Tecumseh

Back 45

a powerful Shawnee chief who built a confederacy among Native Americans in Indiana, Ohio and Michigan. The Prophet's brother.

Front 46

the Prophet

Back 46

Tecumseh's brother who urged everyone to return to the customs of their ancestors

Front 47

General WIlliam Henry Harrison

Back 47

governor of Indiana Territory, alarmed that Tecumseh and Prophet would form alliance with Britain

Front 48

Battle of Tippecanoe

Back 48

In Prophetstown, Harrison led forces against the Prophet, and Americans won quickly. "Tippecanoe" became a rallying cry for Americans and for Harrison

Front 49

War Hawks

Back 49

young Republicans who wanted to avenge British actions against Americans, expand nation and had a spirit of nationalism

Front 50

General William Hull

Back 50

led the American army from Detroit into Canada and was met by Tecumseh and retreated.

Front 51

Oliver Hazard Perry

Back 51

commander of the Lake Erie naval forcces, won the battle at Lake Erie and opened way for American forces

Front 52

Battle of the Thames

Back 52

where Tecumseh was killed on October 5

Front 53

frigates

Back 53

warships

Front 54

privateers

Back 54

armed private ships

Front 55

British strategy to divide Americans

Back 55

the British closed the southern ports but left New England ports open, well aware of the war's unpopularity there. Eventually, British gave up and closed New England ports as well

Front 56

Andrew Jackson

Back 56

a lanky Tennessee planter who won the Battle of Horseshoe Bend against the Creek Indians

Front 57

Dolley Madison

Back 57

First Lady, wouldn't leave the White House when the British attacked D.C. until George Washington's portrait was moved to safety

Front 58

British attack on Washington DC

Back 58

The British arrived in 1814 and burned almost all of the city. this was a low point for Americans

Front 59

Francis Scott Key

Back 59

This young attorney watched the bombs burst over Fort McHenry and wrote the Star-Spangled Banner

Front 60

General Sir George Prevost

Back 60

led more than 10,000 British troops into NY

Front 61

Battle of Plattsburgh

Back 61

British suffered humiliating defeat. After Plattsburgh, British leaders decided that the war was costly and unecessary

Front 62

Treaty of Ghent

Back 62

a peace agreement signed in 1814 that ended the War of 1812

Front 63

General Sir Edward Pakenham

Back 63

a British general who led troops toward New Orleans before word of the Treaty of Ghent reached America

Front 64

Battle of New Orleans

Back 64

British were badly defeated by Jackson's troops, and Andrew Jackson became a hero

Front 65

Hartford Convention

Back 65

New England Federalists that gathered to discuss their list of proposed amendments to the Constitution. A few favored secession. After this, word of New Orleans came through and the Federalists lost respect because of their whining