Chapter 9 Psychology Questions

Front 1

Homeostasis is a state of

Back 1

Physiological stability.

Front 2

According to drive theorists, the foremost motivation for all organisms is to

Back 2

Maintain homeostasis

Front 3

When you are engaging in goal-directed behavior, you may be BEST described as experiencing

Back 3

Motivation

Front 4

Hunger and eating are influenced by

a. glucose and leptin.
b. complex brain circuits.
c. insulin.
d. all of these.

Back 4

All of these

Front 5

Of the brain structures listed below, which one do scientists currently believe plays a larger role than the other structures in the modulation of hunger?

Back 5

Paraventricular hypothalamus

Front 6

Sensory-specific satiety refers to

Back 6

The phenomenon that when there are few food available, the appeal of them can decline quickly.

Front 7

In recent decades, the size of all of the following have steaily increased EXCEPT
a. grocery store packages.
b. dinnerware.
c. school lunch trays.
d. restaurant portions.

Back 7

School lunch trays.

Front 8

Which of the following statements about the sexual cycle studied by Masters and Johnson is MOST accurate?

Back 8

During the refractory period, men cannot experience another orgasm.

Front 9

The reduction in sexual tension during the resolution phase of the human sexual response is generally relatively slow or more gradual

a. for males.
b. for females.
c. for relatively inexperienced individuals.
d. if the individual did not experience and orgasm.

Back 9

If the individual did not experience and orgasm.

Front 10

Parental investment theory suggests that males and females

Back 10

Make significant personal investments to produce and nurture offspring.

Front 11

The gap between males and females in terms of their interest in sexual activity is GREATEST at what age?

Back 11

Middle age

Front 12

Psychologists who take an evolutionary view argue that natural selection favors behaviors that maximize an individual’s

Back 12

Reproductive success.

Front 13

At present, which of the following approaches appears to provide the MOST complete account for gender disparities in sexual motivation and mating preferences?
a. operant conditioning
b. evolutionary theory
c. social learning theory
d. sociopolitical theory

Back 13

Evolutionary theory

Front 14

Research concerning the upbringing and childhood experiences of homosexuals has NOT supported ___ theories.

Back 14

Psychoanalytic and behavioral

Front 15

Which of the following statements BEST describes the view of the behavioral theorists when it comes to explaining the origin of homosexuality?

Back 15

Homosexuality is a learned preference acquired when same-sex stimuli have been paired with sexual arousal.

Front 16

Which of the following approaches to explaining the origin of homosexuality has received the MOST empirical support?

Back 16

Biological

Front 17

If Ted is a gay man, of the following individuals, who would be MOST likely to also be gay?

a. Ted’s Uncle Dan
b. Ted’s adoptive brother Lewis
c. Ted’s fraternal twin brother Tommy
d. Ted’s identical twin brother Steve

Back 17

Ted’s identical twin brother Steve

Front 18

Max has the need to master difficult challenges, outperform others, and meet high standards for excellence. According to researchers such as McClelland, Max MOST likely
a. has high affiliation needs.
b. is high in achievement motivation.
c. is low in achievement motivation.
d. has a high fear of failure.

Back 18

Is high on achievement motivation.

Front 19

Compared to low scorers, people who score high in the need for achievement
a. devote more time to interpersonal activities.
b. worry more about acceptance from others.
c. tend to work harder and more persistently.
d. show all of these characteristics.

Back 19

Tend to work harder and more persistently

Front 20

Maria is pursuing a highly competitive career, and she works very hard and persistently at her tasks. Maria’s behavior MOST likely reflects
a. an external locus of control.
b. a high achievement motivation.
c. a high power need.
d. an obsessive-compulsive personality structure.

Back 20

A high achievement motivation.

Front 21

Which of the following statements regarding the need for achievement is the MOST accurate?
a. The need for achievement is highly variable in a given person throughout his/her lifetime.
b. Achievement motive is generally determined by situational factors.
c. The need for achievement is a fairly stable aspect of one’s personality.
d. There is a strong genetic component in the need for achievement.

Back 21

The need for achievement is a fairly stable aspect of one’s personality

Front 22

Zoe has been struggling in her chemistry course and is concerned that she might fail. Her predictions about how distressed she will be if she fails are likely to
a. exaggerate how badly she will feel.
b. accurately reflect her later feelings.
c. vary greatly from day to day.
d. underestimate how distressed she will actually be.

Back 22

Exaggerate how badly she will feel.

Front 23

The observation that one individual may experience an airplane flight as an anxiety-arousing situation while another individual may experience it as a routine event reflects that emotion involves
a. a subjective conscious experience.
b. an objective conscious experience.
c. bodily arousal.
d. an overt response.

Back 23

A subjective conscious experience.

Front 24

Victoria is extremely upset because she has been falsely accused of stealing money from her employer. Her lawyer has suggested that Victoria take a polygraph test to prove her innocence. She asks you whether she should agree to the test. Based on the research into the accuracy of polygraphs, you should tell her that polygraphs

Back 24

Only measure overall arousal levels and are not reliable indicators of whether or not people are lying.

Front 25

The nervous system pathway that transmits information from the thalamus to the ____ is a rapid-response pathway that quickly results in physiological responses associated with emotion.
a. medulla
b. amygdale
c. cerebral cortex
d. cerebellum

Back 25

Amygdale

Front 26

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that

Back 26

Facial muscles send signals to the brain that help the brain recognize the emotion that one is experiencing.

Front 27

The ____ component of an emotion consists of the “body language” used to express the emotion.

Back 27

Behavioral

Front 28

Which of the following statements regarding the behavioral expression of emotion is LEAST accurate?
a. Facial expressions reveal a variety of basic emotions.
b. The facial expressions that go with the basic emotions seem to be innate.
c. People who have been blind since birth do not smile and frown as sighted people do.
d. People are reasonably skilled at deciphering emotions from others’ facial expressions.

Back 28

People who have been blind since birth do not smile and frown as sighted people do.

Front 29

Cultural norms that indicate which facial expressions of emotion are appropriate on what occasions are termed
a. display rules
b. parental investments
c. investment differentiations
d. social scripts

Back 29

Display Rules

Front 30

According to the James-Lange theory of emotions, one’s conscious experience of emotion results from one’s perception of
a. others’ emotions.
b. autonomic arousal.
c. skin conductancy.
d. tension in the facial muscles

Back 30

Autonomic arousal.

Front 31

One problem with both the James-Lange theory of emotions and the Cannon-Bard theory of emotions is that they fail to consider the role of
a. physiological responses in the experience of emotions.
b. expressive reactions in the experience of emotions.
c. cognitive interpretations in the experience of emotions.
d. the interaction between physiological responses and conscious experiences.

Back 31

The interaction between physiological responses and conscious experiences.

Front 32

“General bodily arousal contributes to emotion, but one’s interpretation of what is happening gives the specific emotion” is a proposition that would be made by
a. Ivan Pavlov.
b. William James.
c. Walter Cannon.
d. Stanley Schachter.

Back 32

Stanley Schachter

Front 33

______ consider emotions to be largely innate reactions to certain stimuli.

Back 33

Evolutionary theories

Front 34

Evolutionary theories of emotion assume all EXCEPT which of the following?
a. Emotions are largely innate.
b. Emotions follow thought in the evolutionary sequence.
c. Emotions originate in the subcortical brain structures.
d. Humans have a relatively small number of innate emotions with adaptive value

Back 34

Emotions follow thought in the evolutionary sequence.

Front 35

The correlation between age and happiness is

Back 35

Negligible

Front 36

Research on happiness suggests that ___ are more important than ____.

Back 36

Subjective feelings; objective feelings

Front 37

______ are the reasons that are presented to persuade someone that a conclusion is true or probably true.

Back 37

Premises

Front 38

A non sequitur is basically

Back 38

An irrelevant reason

Front 39

The common fallacy of ____ occurs when a premise and conclusion are simply restatements of each other.

Back 39

Circular reasoning