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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the classifications of joints |
No movement: synarthrosis Little movement: amphiarthrosis Free movement: diarthrosis |
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Describe no movement joints (types). |
-edges are close, may interlock or eventually fuse, extremely long Types: fibrous (ex. sutures of skull, teeth to manidble) bony (ex. frons on frontal bone) and cartilanginous (top of ribs to sternum |
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Describe little movement joints (types). |
•More movement than synarthrosis
•More strength than a free moving joint 1.Fibrous (ex/distal tibia and fibula articulation) 2.Cartilaginous(ex/pubic symphysis, vertebrae) |
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Describe free movement joints. |
-diarthrosis (synovial joint) -typically at long ends of bones, articulating surfaces covered in cartilage pads (meniscus or menisci), so not actually in contact because these cushions them Picture: Marrow cavity, spongy bone, periosteum, synovial membrane, articular cartilage, joint cavity (contains synovial fluid), articular capsule, compact bone |
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What is the function of synovial fluid. |
Lubricate (articular cartilage like sponge), nutrient distribution (to avascular cartilage), shock absorption (more viscous with pressure i.e. running it gets thicker) -synovial fluid excreted by synovial membrane |
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What are some of the accessory structures to diarthrosis |
1.Cartilage Pads:channel fluid, subdivide cavity, accommodate changes in shape (meniscus helps channel fluid)
2.Fat Pads: outsidejoint capsule, packing material (adipose tissue) 3.Ligaments:provide support •Intracapsularor Extracapsular 4.Tendons:not part of the joint, provide support 5.Bursae: fluid filled synovial membrane pockets |
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What are the types of synovial joints |
1. Gliding: flat surfaces, minimal movement ex. calvicle and manibrium 2. Hinge joint: angular motion, singe plane ex. elbow 3. Saddle joint: complimentary concave and convex faces ex. metacarpal and carpal 4. Condylar: oval face and complimentary depression 5. Pivot: permits rotation only ex. atlas and axis vertebrate 6. Ball and socket: round head and complimentary cup shaped depression ex. shoulder |
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Describe gliding movement |
Two opposing surfaces glide past one another, movement in many directions (no rotation) |
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What are angular movements |
Extension: increase angle between articulating bones anteriorly Flexion: decreases angle between articulating bones Hyperextension: increases angle between articulating bones posteriorly Abduction: movement away from trunk (laterally) Adduction: movement towards trunk (medially) Circumduction: circular motion without rotation |
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What are the types of rotations |
Medial: anterior surface of limbs turns toward trunk Lateral: anterior surface of a limb turns away from trunk Left and right: reserved for the head |
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What is pronation and supination |
Pronation: rotates forearm, radius over ulna Supination: forearm in anatomical position |
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What is inversion and eversion |
Inversion: twists sole of foot medially eversion: twists sole laterally |
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Protraction versus retraction |
moves anteriorly in the horizontal place (pushing forward) vs opposite, moving posteriorly (pulling back) |
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Elevation and depression |
Elevation: move in superior direction (up) Depression: move in inferior direction (down) |
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Opposition and reposition |
Movement of thumb to palm, fingers vs return to anatomical position |
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Lateral flexion |
bends vertebral column side to side |
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Elbow: how many joints, type of joint, what bones involved |
Humerous.ulna = humeroulnar Humerous.radius = humeroradial Hinge joint -humerus, radius, ulna |
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What type of joint in the knee, where does it articulate |
Largest most complex joint, hinge -articulates at femoral condyles and tibia (medial and lateral), 1 at patellar surface |
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What is extreme movement and what structures limit this |
moving beyond normal range of motion can cause damage to joints (dislocation) -joint capsule, ligament, tendons, bone shapes, presence of other tissue |
