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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the characteristics of a lipid structure? |
Do not follow a single structural template Consist mainly of C and H, and have a few, if any, N and O-functional groups --> mostly hydrophobic Some lipids will contain smaller polar groups, but the bulk of the molecule will be hydrocarbon like and therefore would be amphipathic |
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What is a lipid? |
Biological molecules that are soluble in nonpolar on nonpolar solvents and poorly soluble in water |
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What are the five kinds of lipids? |
1. Fatty acids 2. Triacylglycerols 3. Glycerophospholipids 4. Sphingolipids 5. Isoprenoids |
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What is the function of fatty acids? |
Building block for other lipid molecules |
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What is the function of triacylglycerols? |
Energy storage |
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What is the function of glycerophospholipids? |
Lipid membranes |
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What is the function of sphingolipids? |
Coats and protects neurons |
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What is the function of isoprenoids? |
Diverse functions, signaling, etc. |
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What are the characteristics of fatty acids? |
Long-chain hydrocarbons Simplest structure Amphiphiles Polar head group Carboxylic acids Nonpolar tail Hydrocarbon chain |
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What is the saturation possibilities of fatty acids? |
Fatty acids can be saturated by hydrogen, unsaturated, or polysaturated |
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What conformation is of fatty acids is made of double bonds of unsaturated and polysaturated? |
Cis conformation |
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What are two examples of saturated fatty acids? |
Palmitate and stearate |
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What are two examples of unsaturated and polysaturated fatty acids? |
Oleate and linoleate |
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What are fatty acids usually found as part of? |
Triacylglycerols |
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What other lipid type are glycerophospholipids similar to? |
Triacylglycerols |
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What are the characteristics of glycerophospholipds structure? |
R1 and R2 are fatty acid chains X = functional group |
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T or F: Phospholipids are abundant in biological membranes |
True |
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What are the three possible head groups of phospholipids? |
1. Phosphatidylcholine 2. Phosphatidylethanolamine 3. Phosphatidylserine |
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What are the characteristics of the structure of sphingolipids? |
Instead of using glycerol as a backbone, sphingolipids use sphingosine as a backbone |
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Where can sphingomeylin be found? |
Myelin sheath around the nerves |
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What are the characteristics of isoprenoids? |
Lipids that are constructed with isoprene units Some lipids are derivatives of isoprene |
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What lipid is cholesterol classified as? |
Isoprenoid |
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What are the characteristics of cholesterol? |
Cholesterol is found in biological membranes Metabolic precursor of steroid hormones Estrogen and testosterone Has amphiphilic character |
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What is the function of phospholipases? |
Phospholipases cleave phospholipids at specific sites |
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Describe vitamin A |
Isoprenoid derivative Retinol plays a role in light reception in the eye Derives from beta-carotene (commonly found in carrots) |
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What are the characteristics of vitamin D? |
Isoprenoid derivative Sunlight is required for the formation of vitamin D molecules Ca2+ absorption requires vitamin D |
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What are the characteristics of vitamin E? |
Isoprenoid derivative Acts as an antioxidant Binds to biological membranes |
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What are the characteristics of vitamin K? |
Isoprenoid derivative Plays a role in blood coagulation |
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What is the function of a lipid bilayer? |
Acts as a barrier for biological systems |
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What are the characteristics of a lipid bilayer? |
Fluid No clearly defined geometry Head groups move up, down Hydrocarbon tails wave Asymmetric Different lipids are found in each "leaflet" Diffusion in membranes differs according to direction |
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What are the different ways in which proteins associate with membranes? |
Integral membrane protein Peripheral membrane protein Lipid-linked protein |
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What is the function of a lipid-linked protein? |
Anchor proteins in the membrane |
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T or F: Membrane proteins cannot span the bilayer |
False |
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What is the fluid mosaic model? |
Membrane proteins float in the sea of lipids and do not transverse the bilayer |
