Chapter 8, Articulation Exam 2

Front 1

Describe the major trade off involved in joint structure and function.

Back 1

*Mobility vs. Stability

Front 2

List and briefly describe the three classifications of joints based on degree of
movement

Back 2

*Synarthroses - immovable
*Amphiarthroses – slight movement
*Diarthroses – freely movable

Front 3

List and briefly describe the three (4) types
of joints based on joint structure.

Back 3

*Bony fusion - synostosis
*Fibrous joints – joined by Dense regular connective tissue
*Cartilaginous joints – jointed by cartilage
*Synovial Joints – capsule and space between
bones

Front 4

List and briefly describe the three types of
fibrous joint.

Back 4

*Suture-between skull bones
*Gomphoses-Between teeth and jaw
*Syndesmoses-Interosseus membrane-Radius/ulna and tibia/fibula

Front 5

List and briefly describe the two types of
cartilaginous joint. Give examples of each

Back 5

*Symphyses-Fibrocartilage,
Pubic symphysis / Intervertebral discs
*Synchondroses-Hyaline cartilage, Epyphyseal plates, costochondral joints, 1st
sternocostal joint

Front 6

What major feature separates synovial joints
from fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

Back 6

Joint cavity

Front 7

What fills the cavity in synovial joints?

Back 7

Synovial fluid

Front 8

What are the 3 functions of synovial fluid?

Back 8

*Lubrication
*Nourishment
*Shock absorption

Front 9

What do we call the small, fluid-filled
pockets that form where tendons or
ligaments rub against other tissues, reducing
that friction and acting as shock absorbers?

Back 9

Bursae

Front 10

What do we call tubular forms of these sacs
that surround tendons where they pass
across bony surfaces (such as in our carpal
tunnel)?

Back 10

Tendon sheaths

Front 11

What motion consists of two opposing
surfaces sliding past one another, generally
with only slight movement allowed?

Back 11

Gliding (a linear motion)

Front 12

What motion is movement away from the
longitudinal axis of the body in the coronal
plane?

Back 12

Abduction

Front 13

What motion is movement towards the
longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal
(coronal) plane?

Back 13

Adduction

Front 14

What motion is movement in the
anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that
reduces the angle between articulating
elements?

Back 14

Flexion

Front 15

What motion is movement in the
anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that
increases the angle between articulating
elements?

Back 15

Extension

Front 16

What motion is movement in the
anterior/posterior (sagittal) plane that
increases the angle between articulating
elements by beyond its normal limits?

Back 16

Hyperextension

Front 17

What motion occurs when the vertebral
column bends to the side?

Back 17

Lateral flexion

Front 18

What type of motion is a sequence of
movements where the proximal end of an
appendage remains relatively stationary as
the distal end makes a circular motion (the
limb makes a cone)?

Back 18

Circumduction

Front 19

What type of motion is a pivoting
movement in which the bone turns on its
own long axis?

Back 19

Rotation

Front 20

What type of motion is a pivoting
movement in which the bone turns on its
own long axis such that the anterior portion
of the limb rotates inward, towards the
body?

Back 20

Medial rotation

Front 21

What type of motion is a pivoting
movement in which the bone turns on its
own long axis such that the anterior portion
of the limb rotates outward, away from the
body?

Back 21

Lateral rotation

Front 22

What type of motion twists the hand, wrist,
and antebrachium such that the palm moves
from an anteriorly facing position
(anatomical position) to face posteriorly?

Back 22

Pronation

Front 23

What type of motion twists the hand, wrist,
and antebrachium such that the palm moves
from a posteriorly facing position to face
anteriorly (anatomical position)?

Back 23

Supination

Front 24

What motion is the elevation of the distal
portion of the foot and the toes?

Back 24

Dorsiflexion

Front 25

What motion is the elevation of the heel?

Back 25

Plantar flexion

Front 26

What motion is a twisting of the foot that
positions the sole laterally?

Back 26

Eversion

Front 27

What motion is a twisting of the foot that
positions the sole medially?

Back 27

Inversion

Front 28

What motion is the moving of a body part
anteriorly in the horizontal plane?

Back 28

Protraction

Front 29

What motion is the moving of a body part
posteriorly in the horizontal plane?

Back 29

Retraction

Front 30

What motion produces pad to pad contact
between the thumb and the palm or another
digit?

Back 30

*Opposition(Reposition returns the fingers to the anatomical
position)

Front 31

What motion occurs when a structure moves
in a superior direction?

Back 31

Elevation

Front 32

What motion occurs when a structure moves
in an inferior direction?

Back 32

Depression

Front 33

What type of synovial joint has flattened (or
slightly curved) faces that slide across each
other producing little movement?

Back 33

Plane (Planar/Gliding) joint

Front 34

Give an example of Plane (Planar/Gliding) joint

Back 34

Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints
Carpometacarpal (except #1)

Front 35

What type of synovial joint permits angular
movement in a single plane like the opening
and closing of a door?

Back 35

Hinge joint

Front 36

Give an example of Hinge joint

Back 36

Elbow (humeroulnar)
Knee (tibiofemoral)
Interphalangeal

Front 37

What type of synovial joint permits only
rotation?

Back 37

Pivot joint

Front 38

Give an example of Pivot joint

Back 38

Atlantoaxial
Radioulnar (proximal)

Front 39

What type of synovial joint consists of an
oval articular facet in a depression on the
opposing bone allowing angular motion in
two planes?

Back 39

Condylar (Condyloid) joint

Front 40

Give an example of Condylar (Condyloid) joint

Back 40

Metacarpophalangeal
Radiocarpal
Atlanto-occipital

Front 41

What type of synovial joint has complex
faces, with a concave and convex surface on
each articular surface, allowing extensive
angular movement without rotation?

Back 41

Saddle joint

Front 42

Give an example of Saddle joint

Back 42

1st Carpometacarpal
Incudomalleolar

Front 43

What type of synovial joint consists of a
round head that rests in a cup-shaped
depression, allowing rotation and extensive
angular movement?

Back 43

Ball and socket

Front 44

Give an example of Ball and socket

Back 44

Glenohumeral (shoulder)
Coxal (hip)

Front 45

What is the name of the joint between the
mandibular condyle and the mandibular
fossa?

Back 45

Temporomandibular joint

Front 46

What type of joint is Temporomandibular joint?

Back 46

Hinge and gliding

Front 47

What structures join adjacent vertebral
bodies?

Back 47

Intervertebral discs

Front 48

What are the two layers of these structures(Intervertebral discs)
and what are they composed of?

Back 48

*Annulus fibrosus – fibrocartilage
*Nucleus pulposus – gelatinous core
 -Mostly water
 -Notochord

Front 49

What is the name of the joint between the
clavicle and the manubrium?

Back 49

Sternoclavicular joint

Front 50

What type of joint is Sternoclavicular joint (there is
disagreement)?

Back 50

*Saddle or gliding
-A bit of truth to both views

Front 51

What is the name of the joint between the
humerus and the scapula?

Back 51

Glenohumeral joint

Front 52

What type of joint is Glenohumeral joint

Back 52

Ball and socket

Front 53

What 3 joints form the elbow?

Back 53

Humeroulnar
Humeroradial
Proximal radioulnar

Front 54

What joint produces the majority of the
movement at our wrist?

Back 54

*Radiocarpal
 -Scaphoid and lunate

Front 55

What type of joint is *Radiocarpal
-Scaphoid and lunate

Back 55

Condyloid

Front 56

What is the name of the joint between the
femur and the os coxae?

Back 56

Coxal joint (hip joint)

Front 57

What type of joint is Coxal joint?

Back 57

Ball and socket

Front 58

What are the names of the 2 joints of the
knee?

Back 58

Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral

Front 59

What type of joints are Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral

Back 59

*Hinge
*Gliding

Front 60

What are the names of the joints between
adjacent carpals or tarsals (related but
separate names)?

Back 60

Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints

Front 61

What type of joints are Intercarpal joints
Intertarsal joints

Back 61

Planar

Front 62

What are the names of the joints between
carpals or tarsals and the metacarpals or
metatarsals (related but separate names)?

Back 62

Carpometacarpal joints
Tarsometatarsal joints

Front 63

What type of joints are Carpometacarpal joints
Tarsometatarsal joints (in general)?

Back 63

Planar

Front 64

What type of joint exists between the first
metatarsal and the trapezium?

Back 64

Saddle

Front 65

What are the names of the joints between
the metacarpals or metatarsals and the
proximal phalanges (related names)?

Back 65

Metacarpophalangeal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 66

What type of joints are Metacarpophalangeal joints
Metatarsophalangeal joints?

Back 66

Condyloid

Front 67

What is the name of the joint between
adjacent phalanges?

Back 67

Interphalangeal joints

Front 68

Digits other than digit number one have two
of these, what are they called?

Back 68

*PIP – Proximal interphalangeal joints
*DIP – Distal interphalangeal joints