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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a form of gov't in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote
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republic
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great landowners, Roman ruling class
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patricians
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chief executive officers of the Roman Republic, ran gov't and led the Roman Army into battle
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consuls
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less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers of Rome
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plebeians
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chief executive officers of Roman Republic, in charge of civil law, and special duties
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praetors
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Indo-European peoples, where herders and farmers who lived in huts on the top of Rome's hills
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Latins
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controlled Rome at first, Romans adopted their toga and military organization, also influenced the republic
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Etruscans
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Roman historian, who wrote of Cincinnatus, he provided a number of stories to teach Romans of virtues
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Livy
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a select group of about 300 patricians who served for life
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Senate
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assembly who elected chief officials such as consuls and praetors and passed laws
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centuriate assmebly
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a popular assembly for plebians only
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council of the plebs
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new officials, who were given the power to protect he plebians
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tribunes of the plebs
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Rome's first code of laws
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Twelve Tables
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body of law, identified it with natural law
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law of nations
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the greatest Carthaginian general, he began 2nd Punic War
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Hannibal
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Explain the significance of the 12 tables and the Law of Nations.
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The Romans were able to est. standards of justice that applied to all people by identify it with natural law, principles still used today
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list ways in which the Greeks influenced the Romans.
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-the cultivated olives and grapes
-passed on their alphabet -gave Romans artistic and cultural models |
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a gov't by 3 people with = power
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triumvirate
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absolute power
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dictator
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commander and chief
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imperator
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riches man in Rome, part of triumvirate
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Crasus
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military hero in Spain, part of triumvirate
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Pompey
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had military command in Spain, part of 1st triumvirate
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Julius Caesar
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Caesar's heir and grand-nephew, ruler of West Rome, overthrew Antony
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Octavian
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Caesar's ally and assistant, ruler of East Rome, loved Cleopatra, committed suicide
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Antony
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"the revered one", first emperor of Rome
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Augustus
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an emperor after Augustus, killed people if he wanted them out of way, even murdered his mother, committed suicide
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Nero
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"Roman Peace", period of peace and prosperity, lasted almost 100 years
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Pax Romana
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Explain hos Augustus's political system provided for succession of rulers in the empire
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allowed the emperor to select his successor from natural or adopted family
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list the men who made up the Second Triumvirate and explain their fates.
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Octavian, Antony, Lepidus
-Oct. and Ant. divided rule; Oct. in West and Ant. in East - conflict, and Oct. defeated Ant.'s army. _ Ant. committed suicide - Oct. became 1st Roman emperor |
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the dominant male, who headed the family
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paterfamilias
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apartment blocks which the poor lived in
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insulae
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the most distinguished poet of the Augustan Age, wrote Aeneid, in honor of Rome, he welcomed Augustus's rule
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Virgil
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prominent Poet, a friend of Virgil's he enjoyed pointing out his fellow Romans, direct attacks against jobs and greed
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Horace
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gladiator who led slave revolt and defeated Roman Army
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Spartacus
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How were the Romans able to obtain large numbers of slaves. Why did some Romans live in great fear of their slaves?
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during conquest of Mediterranean, Romans captured large #'s of foreign peoples and were used as slaves.
- some slaves revolted and even murdered their owners |
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Why do historians not find Livy a reliable source of info?
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he cared mainly about telling a good story so his work was not completely factual
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Roman official who directed Judah
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procurator
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the Church leaders
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clergy
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the regular church members
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laity
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A Jewish prophet
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Jesus
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a Jewish fisherman who became a follower of Jesus during his lifetime, leader of the Apostles
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Simon Peter
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a highly educated Jewish citizen who joined followers of Jesus, founded Christian communities
Message: Jesus was the Savior |
Paul
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The first Christian emperor
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Constantine
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under him Romans adopted Christianity as their official religion
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Theodosius the Great
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Explain why the Romans persecuted Christians despite their general religious tolerance.
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Christians refused to worship state gods and emperors, threat to Roman public order and public morals
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list the ethical concepts voiced by Jesus
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-think of others before self
-golden rule -love God with all heart |
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an epidemic disease
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plague
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a rapid increase in prices
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inflation
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divided Roman empire into 4 units
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Diocletian
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expanded policies of Diocletian and he built capital city, Byzantium, 1st Christian emperor
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Constantine
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came from Asia into eastern Europe
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Huns
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Germanic tribe, defeated Romans
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Visigoths
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Germans who went into southern Spain and Africa and defeated Romans
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Vandals
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Western emperor, he was deposed by Germanic head of the army, that was the date of the fall of the Roman Empire
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Romulus Augustulus
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Explain why the decline in population was so harmful to the Roman Empire
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caused labor shortage,
farm production decline, military recruitment decline |
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List the economic and military problems that contributed to the decline of the Roman Empire
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-decline in trade and industry
-labor shortage -decline in farm production -foreigners had to be recruited to fight |
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cases of civil law were applied to citizens and later non-citizens by judges who were called _________.
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praetors
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the term ________ refers to the idea in Roman society that males should be dominant because females were too weak.
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paterfamilias
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in the Roman republic two ____ ran the gov't and led the Roman army into battle.
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consuls
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Judaea became a Roman province under the direction of an official called a _________.
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procurator
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________ housed the poor in the city of Rome.
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insulae
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Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed a powerful gov't coalition called the _______.
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triumvirate
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Augustus was a popular ruler who was given the title of ____, or commander and chief, by the Senate.
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imperator
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list at least 3 ways in which geography influenced Roman history.
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- way to sea, yet inland enough for protection from pirates
- 7 hills made it easy to defend - Tiberus could easily be crossed -crossroads b/t western and eastern Mediterranean |
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Who was Hannibal, what happened to him and why was he important?
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- was the greatest Carthiginian general, who struck back at Rome and began 2nd Punic War
-defeated Rome at first, yet not able to conquer entire Empire |
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What factors contributed to the high level of trade in the Early Empire?
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internal peace, Tiber river, and wealthy class
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Identify new ideas in techno that occurred during the Greco-Roman civilization.
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concrete, new architecture, roads and bridges
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Name 3 famous Roman writers, their works, and explain why these works were important.
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Virgil-Aeneid
-Roman virtues Horace- Satires -job dissatisfaction and greed Livy - History of Rome -history of Rome |
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Name the 8 factors that lead to the fall of the Roman Empire.
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1.Decline in morals and values
2.public health 3.political corruption 4.unemployment 5.inflation 6.urban decay 7.inferior techno 8.Military spending 9.invasion of foreign countries |
